Nnrtlj  (Earnltna  g'tatr 
ImtJeraitg 


(-^187 
03 


This  book  was  presented  by 

l%ry  Sherwood 


NX.  STATE   UNIVERSITY     D,H,   HILL   LIBRARY 


S00270445  M 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  DATE 
INDICATED  BELOW  AND  IS  SUB- 
JECT TO  AN  OVERDUE  FINE  AS 
POSTED  AT  THE  CIRCULATION 
DESK. 


^  J§2_3l98c 


THE 


TENNESSEE  FLORA; 


WITH  SPKCIAL  REFKKKNCfc    lO 


THE  FLORA  OF  NASHVILLE 


PH.^NOGAMS  AND  VASCULAR  CRYPTOGAMS. 


BY 

DR.  AUGUST  GATTINGER, 

MEMBER  OF  AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION  FOR  ADVANCEMENT 
OF  SCIENCE. 


5 


I-IBLISIIEO  BY  TUE  AUTHOR. 

NASHVILLE,  TENNESSEE. 

1887. 


College 


This  book  was  presented 


THE  ^ 


TENNESSEE  ELORA 


WITH  SPECIAL  REFiRKN'CE    I O 


THE  FLORA  OF  NASHVILLE 


PH^NOGAMS  AND  VASCULAR  CRYPTOGAMS. 


Due  to  narrow  inner  margin,  this 

volume  has  been  sewn  by  our  new     km i:\-i- 

Cleat  Sewing  method. 


IH  I'.I.rsllKI)  liV  TIIK  AITIHIK. 

NASHVILLE.  TENNESSEE. 


\ 


PRINTED  BY 

CARLON  &  HOLLENBECK,. 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 


PREFACE. 


Desiring  to  promote  the  study  of  botany  in  the  educational 
institutions  of  the  State,  and  to  awaken  an  interest  in  the  ex|)h)r- 
ation  of  the  Flora  of  Tennesseee,  I  tender  this  small  volume  to 
the  friends  and  promoters  of  scientific  ])ursuits. 

The  work  is  original,  l)eing  fijunded  upon  a  botanical  c(dlcc- 
tion  made  exclusively  by  myself,  during  thirtv-cight  vcars'  res-, 
idence  in  this  State. 

I  am  yet  in  possession  of  specimens  collected  in  1<S49,  when 
I  first  took  up  my  residence  in  East  Tennessee  as  a  practicing 
physician.  Placed,  as  I  was  in  those  early  days,  amid  unfamiliar 
modes  of  life,  with  no  access  to  intellectual  resources,  without 
information  about  the  condition  and  advance  of  scientific  affairs 
in  this  country,  my  botanical  progress  could  for  many  years 
be  no  other  than  tedious  and  slow;  but  I  kept  u{)  a  pursuit, 
which  since  early  school-years  had  been  to  me  a  source  of  pleas- 
ure and  consolation. 

After  my  removal  to  Xashville,  in  1S()4,  I  paid  special  atten- 
tion to  the  exploration  of  the  vicinity  of  Xashville  and  the 
adjoining  counties.  Travel  by  railroads  made  it  possible  to 
make  frequent  short  visits  to  distant  points,  without  too  great 
infringement  on  professional  duties. 

Although  in  an  educational  center,  filled  with  d;>|)l;iy  of 
refinement,  I  soon  perceived  that  I  had  to  rely  upon  my  own 
resources,  if  I  would  attempt  to  expand  my  botanical  efforts 
beyond  the  limits  of  ])ersonal  gratification.  For  the  want  of 
such  blessed  leisure  as  would  be  needed  to  assure  success,  1  never 
expected  to  publish  on  the  Flora,  considering  the  results  of  my 
investigations  too  insignificant.  That  I  have  now  prepared  this 
paper  is  purelv  contingent  upon  the  meeting  of  tlje  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  in  Xashville,  August, 
1877. 

At  that  occasion  I  had  the  good  fortune  of  making  acquaint- 
ance with  some  well-known  Eastern  botanists,  who,  with  very 
obliging  politeness,  reviewed  my  collections,  and  assured  me 
that  a  survey  of  the  unexplored  region  of  Tennessee  would  be 
appreciated.'    At  their  instance    1   continued,  with  all   care  and 

51301 

Library 
N.  C,  State  Collet*' 


4  PREFACE. 

pains  possible,  to  make  the  work  true  and  reliable,  with  the  hope 
and  solicitude  to  make  this  insignificant,  but  to  me  only  possible 
one  contribution,  to  American  science. 

I  am  under  lasting  obligations  to  William  N.  Canby,  Esq., 
of  Wilmington,  Del.,  Prof.  J.  W.  Chickering,  Jun.,  and  Prof. 
Lester  F.  Ward,  both  of  Washington,  D.  C,  for  their  advice  and 
the  attention  they  paid  to  me  at  the  Nashville  meeting.  From 
that  time  on  I  also  enjoyed  the  ])rivilege  of  submitting  critical 
specimens  to  Dr.  Asa  Gray,  of  Cambridge,  for  his  decision.  The 
late  Dr.  George  Engelmann,  of  St.  Louis,  Dr.  A.  W.  Chapman, 
of  Apalachicola,  Fla.,  and  Dr.  George  Vasey,  botanist  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture,  have  relieved  me  of  many  doubts 
and  supplied  me  with  a  great  number  of  authentic  specimens.  I 
shall  ever  gratefully  remember  Dr.  Engelmann,  and  express  to 
the  other  gentlemen  my  sincere  thanks.  Acknowledgments  are 
also  due  to  many  active  botanists  in  distant  parts  of  the  Union, 
for  their  readiness  and  promptness  in  exchanging  plants  and 
opinions. 

I  have  no  knowledge  of  authentic  published  records  bearing 
on  the  Flora  of  Tennessee,  except  an  article  contributed  by  Prof. 
J.  W.  Chickering  to  the  Botanical  Gazette,  December,  1880,  enti- 
tled ''A  Summer  on  Roane  Mountain.'^  In  a  number  ofSttUivmiVs 
Journal,  of  1841,  I  find  a  sketch  of  a  botanical  tour  through  the 
Alleghanies  and  on  Roane  Mountain,  by  Dr.  Asa  Gray. 

It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  Dr.  Rugel,  who  about  thirty 
years  ago  resided  in  the  vicinity  of  Greenville  and  made  valu- 
able collections  and  discoveries  in  that  vicinity,  and  the  mount- 
ains of  East  Tennessee  and  North  Carolina,  died  without  leaving 
a  record  of  his  work.  His  collections  came  in  the  possession  of 
Mr.  Shuttleworth,  of  England.  Senecio  Rugelia  Gray,  Plantago 
Rugelii  Decaisne,  Siphonychia  Rugelii  Chapm.  commemorate  his 
name. 

Some  species  and  stations  which  fell  not  under  my  personal 
observation,  are  quoted  on  good  authority  or  credited  to  the  col- 
lector. 

For  description  of  species  I  refer  to  Dr.  Gray's  Manual  and 
Dr.  Chapman's  Flora  of  the  Southern  States. 

I  am  fully  aware  of  the  incompleteness  of  the  work,  but 
enough  is  now  done  to  give  a  satisfactory  estimate  of  our  Flora, 
and  nothing  short  of  publication  can  near  its  completion. 

Pretending  to  no  other  merit  than  one,  due  to  a  persevering 
effort  to  illustrate  the  distribution  of  the  American  Flora  over 
the  territory  of  the  State  of  Tennessee,  and  the  accidental  dis- 


PKEFACK.  ■> 

covery  of  some  new  speeics,  I  hope  lor  u  kind  rcccptii.ii  hv  iIk.x- 
for  whose  benefit  it  is  intcniled. 

My  botanical  friends  will  ai)pr('ciate  the  diflieMhics  I  had  to 
encounter,  and  I  solicit  contributions  and  corrections  iVoni  ihox- 
who  are  favorably  inclined  towards  its  improvement. 

Parting  I  embrace  the  opportunity  to  ui-u:e  a  hi^rhcr  appreci- 
ation of  the  study  of  ]k)tany,  and  to  sum  up  the  present  standing 
of  the  science,  and  the  advantages  it  enjoys  in  other  vStates. 

American  botany  has  made  ra})id  advances  within  the  last 
decade.  The  earlier  periods  i)assed  over  in  engagement  with  sys- 
tematic work,  collecting  and  systematizing  pliienogams  and  the 
higher  cryptogams.  The  general  survey  being  very  far  advanced 
and  nearing  completeness,  by  degrees  a  state  of  maturity  for 
studies  of  a  higher  order  has  been  entered  upon,  which  demands 
greater  proficiency  in  analysis  and  dexterity  in  the  use  of  the 
microscope. 

The  intricate  study  of  the  life-history  of  plants  of  the  lowest 
orders  engages  now  the  attention  of  our  more  advanced  botanists. 
Detail  in  physiology  and  morphology  and  original  work  is  also 
fairly  attempted.  A  number  of  our  progressive  American  uni- 
versities have  attached  laboratories  to  the  botanical  lecture-rooms, 
and  provided  them  with  the  necessary  outfits,  as  powerful  auxili- 
aries to  the  study  of  botany.  Harvard  and  Cornell  since  IST'J, 
more  recently  the  universities  of  Pennsylvania  and  Michigan, 
Iowa  Agricultural  College,  Wabash  College,  Purdue  1,'niversity, 
the  universities  of  Wisconsin  and  Nebraska,  Shaw  School  of 
Botany  at  St.  Louis,  etc. 

Why  is  it,  that  in  our  more  than  centennial  State,  so  little 
has  been  done  for  the  improvement  of  natural  knowledge  ?  \\'hat 
object  of  teaching  can  conduce  more  to  the  material  welfare  and 
and  progress  of  the  citizen  than  a  practical  informatic^i  how  to 
disclose  the  concealed  wealth,  to  collect  and  utilize  wasting  ener- 
gies, to  draw  from  the  soil  maintenance  of  life  and  means  ol' com- 
fort, without  impairing  its  productiveness?  And  what  can  more 
than  the  improvement  of  natural  knowledge  enlargen  and  ele- 
vate the  intellectual  ethics  of  man,  than  the  ever  growing  con- 
ception of  a  definite  and  uninfringible  order  of  nature?  What 
can  add  more  to  his  personal  dignity,  inspire  him  with  more  self- 
reliance,  than  the  certainty  of  possessing  means  to  test  and  verify 
his  conceptions,  by  bringing  them  in  contact  with  Nature  herself. 
by  experiment  and  observation  ? 

Having  inadvertently  diverted  from  the  proposed  plan  of 
this  address,  I  shall  avoid  to  make  further  reflections  tor  the 
same  caution  with  which  the  astrav  botanist  avoids  tlie  treacher- 


6  PREFACE. 

Oils  briers.  Should  I  have  succeeded  to  bring  you  to  notice  that 
rambling  through  field  and  forest  after  plants,  implies  a  higher 
purpose  than  the  pleasure  of  analyzing  and  adding  them  to  the 
collection,  then  I  would  feel  like  the  aberrant  botanist,  who, 
aberrant,  made  a  precious  discovery.  Remember  of  all,  that  it  is 
not  for  every  one  to  penetrate  into  the  depths  of  a  science,  but 
that  a  plain  and  correct  knowledge  of  the  leading  principles  in 
botanical  science  is  attainable  and  useful  to  all. 

"  Tngennas  didicisse  fideliter  artes 
Emollit  mores  nee  sinit  esse  feros." 

A.  GATTINGER. 

N.vsHviLKF.  Tenn.,  Pel),  p.,  1887. 


GENHRAL  ASPHCT  OF  TllH  FLORA. 


The  boundaries  of  Tennessee  are  embraced  within  the  j^reat 
Atlantic  forest  region.  The  whole  of  it  was  in  its  virgin  state, 
a  congeries  of  varied  woodlands,  being  in  the  lowlands  of  dense 
and  massive  growth,  filled  with  ])athless  jungles  of  cane  and 
shrub,  or,  away  from  the  watercourses,  on  the  uplands,  reduced 
to  open  and  airy  groves,  the  barrens.  Here  a  dense  sward  covers 
the  ground  and  herbaceous  growth  prevails.  Mountain  forests 
have  always  been  of  greater  uniformity  in  distribution  of  timber. 

Nearly  one-third  of  the  entire  area  is  now  reduced  to  fields 
or  occupied  by  buildings  or  roads.  Canebrakes  have  well  nigh 
disappeared,  and  the  forest  is  in  all  accessible  regions  de[)leted 
of  valuable  timber. 

Immigration  of  foreign  and  retirement  ot  native  species  con- 
tinually modify  the  aboriginal  flora  a. id  tend  to  weaken  charac- 
teristics due  to  presence  of  peculiar  plantforms,  or  eollocati(>n  of 
>?pecies,  by  the  intricacies  of  mutual  })redileetion  and  adaptation 
to  surroundings. 

Such  area-^,  wdiich  diifer  amongst  themselves  conspicuously  in 
such  properties,  admit  of  the  establishment  of  natural  flora! 
ar  ro  n  disc  men  ts. 

Differences  of  elevation,  diversity  in  elementary  constitution 
of  the  soil,  and  inequality  in  distribution  of  atmospheric  humid- 
ity are,  in  our  territory,  sufficiently  pt)tent  to  mark  out  four  dis- 
tinct regions. 

I.  The  high  crests  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  formed  of 
gneiss  or  mica-shists,  with  an  elevation  tVom.  1,()(H)  lo  (ijiOO  feet. 
Snbalpine  region. 

II.  The  western  slopes  of  the  Alleghanies  an<l  their  outlying 
spurs,  and  the  Cumberland  Mountains.  Sandstones  and  slates. 
Mountain-flora.     Elevation  "2-4,000  feet. 

III.  Valley-flora,  the  lower  division  of  wiiich  i>  coextensive 
with  the  limestones  (silurian)  of  Ea>l  and  Middl-'  Tennessee. 
Elevation  350-500  feet.  The  upi)er  division  or  highlands  has 
siliceous  and  argillaceous  soils,  sometimes  limestones  of  the  sub- 
■carboniferous   formation.       l^lcvation    ai)oni     I  .niMi  -  1 /joo    feet. 


8  GENERAL    ASPECT    OF    THE    FLORA. 

The   former  division   is  characterized  through   its  cedar  glades; 
thr  hitter  is  the  region  of  the  oak-barrens. 

IV.  West  Tennessee,  situated  between  two  powerful  rivers^ 
with  much  level  or  only  gently  undulating  surface,  owes  its  pecu- 
liiirilies  to  the  abundance  of  swampy  lands  and  predominantly 
aruillaceous  soils,  in  connection  with  a  more  humid  atmosphere. 

r.     8UBALPINE    REGION. 

The  dividing  line  between  the  States  of  North  Carolina  and 
Tennessee  passes  ov^er  and  along  the  crest  of  the  highest  ridges 
and  peaks,  known  as  the  IJnaka,  Great  Smoky,  Bald  and  Frog 
mountains.  Their  average  elevation  is  about  5,000  feet,  but 
about  twenty-two  summits  are  6,000  feet  or  more.  The  highest 
stretch  lies  between  French  Broad  and  Little  Tennessee  rivers^ 
with  fifty-five  high  points,  eighteen  of  which  are  over  6,000  feet. 
Clingmau's  Dome,  by  a  few  feet  the  highest,  rises  to  the  very 
respectable  altitude  of  6,660  feet  above  tidewater,  according  to 
the  measurements  of  Prof.  Arnold  Guiot,  of  Princeton,  N.  J. 
(Vide  Am.  Jour.  Science,  Sept.  1857  and  Nov.  1860).  Geologic- 
allv  they  consist  of  Huronian  shists  and  gneisses,  and  in  some 
spots  of  Laurentian  granites. 

Xot  one  of  these  high  crests  presents  a  bleak  crag,  bare  of 
vegetation,  nor  is  there  a  timber-line.  Some  are  evenly  timbered 
throughout,  others  support  only  a  scattered  and  stunted  arboreal 
growth,  and  some  bear  only  a  low  shrubby  or  herbaceous  vegeta- 
tion. The  absence  of  timber  on  the  so-called  ^' Balds  "  is  per- 
haps due  to  waves  of  excessive  cold  ;  such,  at  least,  seem  the 
naked  trunks  looming  up  here  and  there,  to  suggest.  There  are 
generally  groups  of  red  oak,  striped  or  mountain  maple,  mountain 
ash  and  chestnut,  with  open  spaces  between.  They  have  a  stunted 
and  gnarled  appearance,  their  sprawling  limbs  often  but  few  feet 
from  the  ground.  Chestnuts  of  the  summit  flower  from  three  to 
four  weeks  later  than  those  in  the  neighboring  valleys. 

Upon  these  lofty  retreats  dwells  a  limited  number  of  species 
peculiar  to  those  regions.  Many  more  are  denizens  of  the  com- 
mon flora  of  more  northern  latitudes,  but  are  not  found  in  the 
intervening  lowlands.  The  abundance  of  evergreen  Rhododen- 
drons, exuberant  flowering  ericaceous  and  liliaceous  plants  pro- 
duce a  floral  scenery  of  unsurpassing  beauty.  From  the  altitude 
of  the  region,  as  well  as  from  the  physiognomy  of  the  vegetation,, 
we  may  call  it  "  subalpine.'^ 

To  here  belongs  Abies  Fraseri  Pursh.  and  Rhododendron 
Catawbiense  Michx.    Betida  hitea  Michx.  grows  to  moderate  size,. 


(JKNKKAI.    AS1»K('I'    OF     llli:     FIOHA.  9 

and  Haiiiainclis  X^iriiinica  J  foiiiid  as  a  chunky  tree.  ii)<'a>uriiiii- 
iiftv  inches  in  circiimtcrt'ncc  ol*  trunk.  Ainiis  rir'nli.s  \)i\,  Menz- 
ienia  globular  I X  Salisb.,  Sal'i.r  hu  mills  Mar>h..  Vdrrlnhnn  coryniho- 
sum  L.  \ai-.  i>(i//i<Juiit  (iray,  \'(ir('i)iiuiii  < rf/f/irocai jjHih  Mit-hx., 
Lciophijl/iiiii  /jii.rifo/iiiin  Klh,  H'iIxh  rahtiulifo/imn  Midix.,  make 
ii[)  the  small  shrnhbcrv.  Ot"  hd'haccons  plants  I  wouhl  mention 
liiium  ii\ij)('rl)iiiii  L.,  jii^tlv  called  so,  every  one  would  concede, 
who  had  trav(M\sed  at  the  bcuiuniiii;-  of  siiiumer  those  wavinj^ 
mountain-savannahs,  in  which  it  abounds.  It  attains  a  hei^lit  of 
six  feet,  with  pyramidal  racemes  Ix^arinu^  a-  many  as  twenty-live 
blossoms.  Mekmthiuin  Virginicinn  L..  a  worthy  comjmnion, 
spreads  its  enormous  j)anicles  at  the  same  time.  Other  interest- 
ing objects  are  Melant  hi  am  pan  ijionnn  Gray ,  SUnduthiitin  (ingnsti- 
folium  Gray,  Slrcp(oj)U.s  roftcUf'i  ^lichx.,  Qintouia  JiinhdUiia  .larv., 
Liiium  Grayi  Wats.,  Convcdlaria  inajalifi  I^.,  Hvravlmui  lanatum 
Michx.,  Angelica  Curtisii  Buckl.,  Kubus  odoratns  L.,  (ialium 
latifolinm  L.,  Hypericum  gravcolcns  Bi\ck].,  Daiif/iouia  compnssa 
Aust.,  Muhlenbergia  WilldenorilTnn.,  Dcyeuxia  XuiUiUiana  Vasey, 
Carex  trisperma  Dew.,  C.  o'sfivalis  M.  A.  Curtis,  C.,7<njcm  Willd., 
Triestmn  'paJustre  Ij.,  Be.Hc/iampsia  flc.vuosa  l^eanv.,  Agrosti.s 
canina.  var.  rupestrix  Q\\i\\)\\\.,  Aspidinm  sj/iuulosum  Swar/,  Dick- 
sonia  punctilobula  \\\\uzq,  Jjycopodium  Selago  Ij.  All  the  above 
abound  in  the  Balds.  More  scattered  over  the  region  we  fnul : 
Sol  idago  glome  rata  Michx.,  infested  with  Cnscnfa  rosfrafa  Shuttel- 
worth,  Aconitum  redinatum  Gray,  Delphinium  exalfotinn  Ait., 
Trautcetteria  palmafa  Fish.  c\j  ^laycv,  Sol  idago  .ij)ithaima  M.  A. 
Curtis,  -S'.  monticola  Torr.  ct  Gray,  IJousfoma  serppyllij'olia  Michx., 
Circcea  alpina  L.,0.valif<  Acetosella  L.,  ]'acciuiiim  hirsutum  liuekl., 
Sedum  Rhodiola  DC,  Sa.vifraga  leucanthemifoUa  Michx.,  >'.  Car- 
eyana  Gray,  Paronychia  argyrocoma  Nutt.,  Nabalus  Hoamttfti.^ 
Chick.,  Viola  renifolia  Gray,'  Cardamine  CbimdHis  ^hwWeWo., 
Parnassia  asarifolia  Vent.,  Krigia  montana  Nutt..  (ninn  gotiru- 
latum  Michx  ,  (r.  radiafum  Miclix.,  Arniaria  glabra  Michx. 

Descending  into  the  second  region,  we  tin<l  (,'aylassacia  brarhu- 
cera  Gray,  and  Vacciniiim  hirsutum  l^nckl.  forming  the  comm(»n 
undergrowth  (on  Big  Frog  Mountain),  (iaultlwria  procumbnis  G., 
Rhododendron  maximum  L.,  R.  c(dendulaceitm  Torr.  and  R.  via- 
cosumTorw,  Clefhra  acuminata,  Michx.  This  is  the  finest  pine 
region  of  the  State.  Pinus  Sfmbus  L.  and  Tsuga  Canadensis 
Carr.  grow  to  the  largest  dimensions.  Pinus  j,ungrns  Michx., 
intermixed  with  /'.  rif/idc  Mill.,  predominates  in  several  di.stricts 
in  the  Big  Smoky  Mts.,  while  I\  ndfis  Mi.-hx.  an<l  V.  in<»p-^  are 
more  at  home  on  the  lower  spurs. 

Moist  and   shadv  ravines,   in  wliidi   humu^  a<'cnmulates.  Miits 


10  GENERAL    ASPECT    OF    THE    FLORA. 

the  maijn(-)lias.  Mar/nolia  Fraseri  Walt,  and  31.  macrophylla 
Michx.  are  verv  conspicuous  from  the  unwonted  size  and  fresh 
o:reen  color  of  their  foliage.  Hex  opaca  Ait.,  Nyssa  Caroliniana 
Michx.,  and  T.^iiga  Canadensis  Barirer  follow  every  rill  and  run 
tilong  which  long  lines  of  Leacotlue  Gasteshaei  Gray  form  impass- 
able "barriers.  Remote  mountain  glens,  where  one  has  to  push 
his  way  through  branchy  hydrangeas  or  prickly  azalias,  or  to  crawl 
through  the  zigzag  limbs  of  big  laurels,  ought  to  be  approached 
with  caution.  It  is  irksome  and  dangerous  to  be  entrapped  in  such 
labvrinths.  Sunnier  and  higher  positions  are  chosen  by  Pyndaria 
o/cifcra  Gray,  Buckleya  distichophylla,  Torr.,  Calycanthus  glaucus 
Willd.,  Ilex  »i9/i^ico/a.  Gray  and  Gorylus  rostrata  Ait.  Of  climb- 
ers we  note  Aristolochia  Sypho  L'Her.,  Decumaria  barbara  L., 
Celasfrm  scandens  L.  Out  of  a  rich  display  of  herbaceous  plants 
I  would  select  Lysimachia  Fraseri  Duby,  Oenothera  glauca  Michx., 
DiphyUeia  cymosa  Michx.,  Adlumia  cirrhosa  Raf,  Dicentra  exi- 
jiiid  DC,  Draba  ranioslsslnia  Desv.,  Viola  Canadensis  L.,  Ascy- 
ritni  hyper iooides  L.,  Baptisia  tinctoria  R.  Br.,  B.  alba  R.  Brown, 
Thermopsis  fraxinifolia  M  A.  Curtis,  Waldsteinia  fragarioides 
Tratt.,  Potentilla  tridentata  Ait.,  Saxifraga  erosa  Pursh.,  Sedum 
Nevii  Gray,  Chrysogonum  Virginianuin  L.,  Helianthus  Iceviga- 
tus  Torr.  &  Gray,  Campanula  divaricata  Michx.,  Galax  aphylla  L., 
Melampyriun  Americanum  Michx.,  Pycnanthemum  mintanum 
Michx.,  Monarda  didynia  L.,  Gentiana  quinqueflora  Lam. 

Cr(?eks  and  brooklets  have  their  rocky  bottoms  lined  with 
the  curious,  mosslike  Podostenion  abrotanoides  Michx.,  which  dis- 
ixppeai's  whenever  the  current's  speed  is  checked  and  the  channels 
deepen. 

Another  range  of  mountain  flora  we  find  in  the  Cumberland 
•mountains.  Selecting  the  Lookout  near  Chattanooga  for  a  type, 
we  find  its  summit  wooded  with  Qiiercus  Prinus  L.,  Q.  rubra  L., 
Q.  alba  Li.,  Q.  obtusiloba  Michx.  and  Q.  nigra  L  ,  Pinus  inops 
Ait.,  P.  Tceda  L.,  P.  mitis  Michx.,  Betula  lutea  L.,  Gleditschia 
iriacanthos  L.,  Robinia  Pseudacacia  L.,  several  Caryas  and 
G.  microcarpa  Nntt.  amonc^  them.  Of  shrubs:  Robinia  hispida 
L.,  Dicrvilla  sessilifolia  Backl.,  Ilex  mollis  Gray,  Stuartia  penta- 
gyna  L'Her.,  Hydranqea  radiata  Walt.,  and  again  (but  very 
rare)  Buckley <i  distickophylla  Torr.,  Nemopanthes  Canadensis 
DO.,  and  in  a  swamp  Dirca  palustris  L.  Of  herbaceous  plants: 
Utrirularia  gibba  L.,  luncus  Canadensis^.  Gay, and  Arundinaria 
iecta  Muhl.  On  flat  rocks:  Diainorpha  pasilla  Nutt.,  Fim- 
bristylis  capillaris  Gray,  Krigia  Virginica  Willd.,  Arenaria  glabra 
Michx.  On  jthe  cliffs  of  the  crest:  Stipa  avenacea  L.,'  Silene 
rotundifolia  Nutt.,  Linaria  Canadensis  L.,  Campanula  divaricata 


GENKRAI,    ASI'Kcr    ()F    'lUi:     I  I.OKA.  11 

Michx.,  ThaUdruin  cldrdhun  I)(".  Xcmi-  the  l):i>('  <.f  tli<-  rnoiiiil- 
ain,  on  limestone  k'(ltr<.s,  (r'tifcsia  /afcrlnn.s  (Jimv,  (Ai/licurjjd 
Americana  L.,  Triosfcuin  jjcrfo/iafiim,  L.,  Sl/p/tiiun  hr(irlu<itiun 
Gattinger.  The  Cunihcrlniuls  excel  the  Allc^rjiaiiies  in  a  j:ivater 
variety  of  ferns.  Besides  ail  sjjeeies  of  the  latter,  we  also  find 
here  A splenium  Brad/eyi  Eat.,  ,1.  jtinualijiduin  Suit.j  Li/godium 
palmatum  Swnrtz. ,  Scoloj)c)i(lr{i(iii  /-///r/a/T  Smith,  and  Trh  h(nnniirs 
1  tdicans  Swartz. 

The  third  division  embraces  the  valley  ot'  East  Tenno-ee 
and  the  entire  area  of  Middle  Tennessee.  Contour  of  surfiic*' 
and  geological  structure  result  in  Hast  Tennessee  from  thr  com- 
hined  ])rocesses  of  folding  and  erosion,  wherehv  heterogeneijus 
strata  are  placed  in  juxtaposition,  the  wliole  valhy  being  an  often- 
repeated  series  of  synclinals  and  anticlinas  of  calcarious  and 
siliceous  rocks,  while  in  Middle  Tennessee  erosion  aloue  had 
been  at  play. 

A  great  fault  connected  with  the  upheaval  ol"  the  i'iue  and 
Grab-orchard  mountains,  and  in  a  line  >outh  of  it,  an  eroded 
anticlinal,  the  Sequatchee  valley,  designate  in  tlie  Cumberland 
mountain  region  the  western  terminus  of  those  convulsions 
whicli  involve  the  ])r()blem  of  the  stratograpiiv  of  tlic  Alle- 
ghani(\s  in  so  great  difliculties.  AVest  of  this  li!ie  spread  out 
the  liorizontal  strata  of  tlie  Cumberland  table-laud,  whicli  ter- 
minates witli  an  abrupt  descent  of  about  one  thousand  feet  upon 
the  highlands  of  Middle  Tennessee.  These  in  turn  overreaeh 
and  encircle  the  floor  of  the  l)asin  of  Middh'  Tennes>ee  by  five 
to  six  hundred  feet,  either  in  a  bluff  or  througli  a  gradual  ilesccnt. 

The  succession  of  strata  is  normal  tliroughout  :  upperrno>t 
subcarboniferous  limestone  and  ciiert,  followed  by  tlie  l)ev(Mnan 
shale,  lastly  the  lower  silurian. 

Increase  in  annual  range  of  temperature  and  greater  dry- 
ness of  air,  as  compared  with  the  former  regions,  cause  tlie 
mountain  flora  to  disaj)iK'ar  and  to  yield  to  other  designs  in 
nature's  garb.  A  close  botanical  impiiry  into  the  array  of  s|)e- 
<jies  soon  discloses  the  fact  tliat  different  assemblies  of  s|)ecu's 
congregate  in  the  limestone  and  argillaceo-siliceous  region.  The 
former'includesthe  glades,  the  latter  the  barrens  of  Middle  Ten- 
nessee. 

Glades  are  thinlv  wooded,  unarable  land>.  witli  -hallow  soils, 
fit  only  for  })astures.  They  ought  to  remain  in  their  natural 
state,  undisturbed  by  cultivation.  To  clear  them  is  to  convert 
them  into  deserts,  "in  some  i)arts  they  are  exclusively  occupied 
by  the  cedar,  with  a  small  percentage  of  deciduous  trees  inter- 
mingled.     In   other  j)laees   prevails  the  Ohio  buekeyc,  (>f>c»//Mj< 


12  GENERAL    ASPECT    OF    THE    FLORA. 

dtint  Willd.),  honey  locust  (  GledUschia  triacanthos  L.),  hack- 
berrv  (Celti-s  Miisis'sippiensis  Bosc),  some  hickories  {Carya  alha 
Niitt.,  C.  tomenfom  Ntt.,  0.  porcina  Nutt.),  shingle  oak  {Quer- 
CH.^  iriihrkani  L.),  yellow  chestnut  oak  {Q.  MMenhergii  Englm.), 
post  oak  (O.  ohUi'siloba  Michx.),  hop-hornbeam  {Ostrya  Virgin- 
ica  L.)i  winged  ehii  (  Ubnus  alata  Michx.),  buckthorn  (Frangula 
Caroliniana  Gray),  persimmon  {Diospyros  Virginiana  L.),  red 
plum  {FrwiK^  Americana  Marshall),  Chickasaw  plum  (P.  Chick- 
asaw Michx.)  Of  shrubs  prominently:  Forestiera  ligustrina 
Poir.,  R/uis  aroinatica  Ait ,  Ptelea  trifoliaca  L.,  Aralia  spnnosa 
L.,  several  hawthorns:  Crataegus  Grus  Galli  L.,  G.  cordata  Ait., 
G.  tomentosa  L.,  var.  pyrifolia  Gray,  and  var.  punctata  Gray, 
Bumelia  lycioides  Gicrt.,  Symphoricarpus  vulgaris  Michx.,  Hyper- 
icum aureuui  Ban. 

The  cedar  barrens  effect  an  obvious  and  pleasing  contrast  in 
the  feature  of  a  landscape,  especially  in  regions  where,  by  absence 
of  streams  or  prominent  landmarks,  diversity  in  grouping,  hab- 
itus and  coloring  of  the  arboreus  growth  must  relieve  a  weari- 
some monotony.  Middle  Tennessee  is,  from  periodic  excessive 
drynesb  of  the  atmospliere,  absolutely  incongenial  to  every  other 
species  of  our  native  conifers. 

The  somber  tint  of  the  cedar  delineates  a  cedar  barren  from 
its  surroundings  at  a  distance  and  serves  within  its  environs, 
wherever  openings  occur,  to  bring  out  with  dazzling  vividness 
the  crumbling  limestone  flats,  overspread  with  the  rosy  Sedum 
pulchellum  and  carmine-flowered  Talinum,  or  the  golden  stars 
of  the  (^puntia  Raftiinesquii. 

The  botanical  interest  in  these  cedar  glades  varies  from  a 
delightful  surprise  in  the  survey  of  an  unparalleled  number  of 
rare  and  interesting  plants  upon  small  tracts,  to  a  painful  disap- 
pointment over  a  fruitless  ramble  through  long  stretches. 

Depressions,  where  the  coherent  and  slightly  scooped  lime- 
stone banks  secure  a  continuance  of  moisture,  and  where  small 
springs  come  to  the  surface,  represent  the  garden  spots  of  the 
wilderness.  Wherever  again  the  ground  swells  up  into  rocky 
ridges,  or  where  from  collapse  of  subterraneous  cavities,  in  which 
these  regions  abound,  the  strata  are  broken  up  and  tumbled 
about  like  heaps  of  ruins,  there  the  rains  sink  too  fast  and  so 
deep  that  only  the  penetrating  roots  of  the  cedar  can  reach  the 
hidden  moisture;  a  drought  soon  dries  up  the  smaller  herbage. 
The  cedars  are  always  closely  set,  and  it  is  a  vexatious  and  ungrate- 
ful tusk  to  penetrate  such   thickets. 

In  the  oak  barrens  we  find  good  farming  lands  as  far  as  the  sub- 
carboniferous  limestone  extends.  As  soon  as  the  siliceous  or  chertv 


GENEHAL    ASl'K('r    OF     THJ;    KI.oKA.  1  .'J 

strata  conu'  to  the  surface — a  i^ood  deal  <»f'  -udi  is  in  'rcniio-c*  — 
tliLMT  we  come  into  a  poverty-stricken  country.  Like  in  the  ixravellv 
ridges  of  East  Tennessee,  so  here  too,  tlie  hiack-jack  oak  asserts  its 
right.  Spanisli  oak,  sonrwood  and  chestnut  are  th<'  main  hndy  <.f 
the  forest.  Intervals  are  tilled  up  with  copses  of  sumach,  dojrwood, 
hiack  haw,  azaleas  {Azalea  ni(clifl<n<i  L.),  Kahnia  /atifo/ia  L.,aud 
\arious  huckleberries  {Vacciniinn  arhonnn  Michx.),  V.  xtamin- 
cam  Li..  V.  coryiiihoHum  Iv.,  Jersey-tea  {CWniot/iuH  AineriranuH 
\j.).  Tlie  herbaceous  vegetation  is  ninn(»ton<»u<,  and  in  di>tri:;t.s 
where  the  burning  of  the  woods  is  practiced,  of  an  unparalleled 
scarcity.  Agricultural  enterprise  terminates  very  soon  in  tlw 
mutual  ruin  of  land  and  farmer.  Hetween  such  wortliless  lands 
are  tracts  or  regions  where  the  soil  is  of  a  yellow,  light  or  thifVv 
loam,  easily  cultivated,  not  very  rich,  but  a|)t  to  be  kept  in  good 
condition.  The  subcarboniferous  strata  are  here  completelv  car- 
ried off  and  the  Devonian  strata  become  exj)osed  and  disinteg- 
rated into  beds  of  loam  or  clay.  We  notice  now  a  plea.siint 
change  in  the  appearance  of  well-kept  farms,  a  better  growth  of 
timber  and  a  much  improved  botanical  jirospect.  Sometimes  \\v 
pass  by  points  where  the  subjacent  strata  are  of  an  impervious 
clay,  from  which  result  heavy  and  damp  soils,  and  in  the  early 
months  of  the  year  portions  of  the  barrens  are  covered  with 
shallow  ponds,  until  they  dry  u])  in  the  hot  season.  Such  spots 
are  convenient  abodes  for  orchids,  liliaceous  plants,  luncaeete, 
Cyperacese,  Gramine?e,  Lndwigias,  Khexias,  etc.  The  tbrest  con- 
tains a  good  selection  of  hard-woods  and  the  trees  attain  a  stately 
growth.  Water  oak,  willow  oak  and  white  oak,  sweet  gum  and 
black  gum  are  the  most  numerous.  Ashes,  poplars  and  beeches 
less  frequent  than  in  calcarious  soils.  The  shrubbery  is  made  up 
by  alder  {Alnus  serrulafa  Ait.),  willows  {Salix  (ristis  Ait.,N.  /tumilii< 
Marsh.),  botton-bush  {Cephalantlni.s  occidental ii<  I>.),  arrow- wood 
(  Viburnuiii  nudum  L.),  Spivfra  tomcnfosa  J^.,  Jiom  Carolina  L., 
Ilj/pericum  Kalmlamun  L.,  7/.  prolijirmn  L.,  Comandnt  undul- 
I'lia  Xutt.  ... 

I  have  appended  for  a  ready  review  a  comparative  list  of  spe- 
cies of  calcarious  soils  (glades)  and  siliceous  soiN  'o^k  l.ni-,n>i. 

PLANTS   OF    THK   GLAOES   ANP   IJUl  IS. 

(Ciilcareous  soil^.) 

Clematis  reticulata  Walt.  Krij^ia  D.ui.K'Iion  Nutt. 

Thalictruni  Cornuti  L.  rnimnthes  cropidinoa  Muli.x. 

Anemone  decapetala  L.  Lobelia  (latlinKcri  (iray. 

Myosurus  minimus  L.  Huin<>lia  lycioidesCJiert. 

Eanunculus  fascicularis  Muhlh.  F(.n\«tifra  a<Minnnata  Poir. 

Delphinium  azureum  Michx.  F.  ligu.strina  I'nir. 


14 


gp:nerai.  aspect  of  the  flora. 


Magnolia  acuminata  K 

Calyoocarpuni  Lyoni  Natt. 

Cocciilns  Carolinus  L. 

(^orviliilis  fliiviila  DC. 

Leaven worthia  Michauxii  Torr. 

L.  torulosa  (iray. 

L.  stvlosa  Gray. 

Draba  brachycarpa  Nutt. 

Alyssinn  Lescurii  Gray. 

Cleome  pungens  Willd. 

Lechea  minor  Walt. 

Viola  pnbescens  Ait. 

V.  striata  Ait. 

V.  tricolor  var.  arvensis  Gray. 

Arenaria  patnla  Michx. 

Talinum  teretifolium  Pursh. 

Hypericum  aureum  Bart. 

H!  sph:erocarpum  Michx. 

Malva^trum  angustum  Gray. 

Si  da  Elliottii  Torr  &  Gray. 

Ptelea  trifoliataL. 

Vitis  indivisa  Willd. 

yEsculus  glabra  Willd. 

Rhus  aromatica  Ait. 

Tri folium  reflexum  L. 

Psoralea  subacaulis  Torr.  &  Gray. 

Petalostemon  foliosus  Nutt. 

P.  decumbens  Mitt. 

Desmodium  pauciflorum  DC. 

D.  Dilenii  D.irlingt. 

D.  Marylandicum  Bart. 

D.  rigiclum  DC. 
Baptisia  australis  R.  B. 
Gleditschia  triacanthos  L. 
Desmanthus  brachylobus  Benth. 
Prunus  Chickasaw  Michx. 
Rosa  humilis  Marsh. 
Crataegus  cordata  Ait. 
Philadelphus  hirsutus  Nutt. 
Sedum  pulchellum  Michx. 
CEnothera  triloba  Nutt. 
Melothria  pendula  L. 
Trianosperma  Boykinii  Roem. 
Ammania  coccinea  Rottboel. 
Bupleurura  rotundifolium  L. 
Eulophus  Americanus  Nutt. 
Chaerophyllum  Teinturieri  Hook. 
Houstonia  patens  Ell. 

H.  angustifolia  Michx. 
Galium  virgatum  Nutt. 
Eupatorium  incarnatum  Walt. 

E.  altissimum  L. 
E.  ageratoides  L. 
Grindelia  lanceolata  Nutt. 
Solidago  lati  folia  L. 

S.  Gattingerii  Chapm. 


Asclepiodora  viridis  Gray. 
Asclepias  variegata  L. 
As.  verticillata  L. 
Acerates  viridiflora  Ell. 
Sabbathia  angularis  Pursh. 
Frasera  Carolinensis  Walt. 
Phlox  Stellaria  Gray. 
Nemophila  microcalyx  Fish  A:  M. 
Phaceliaparviflora  Pursh 
Heliotropium  tenellum  Torr. 
Lithospermum  canescens  Lehm. 
Onosmodium  Carolinianum  DC, 

var.  molle  Gray. 
Evolvulus  argenteus  Pursh. 
Cuscuta  chlorocarpa  Engelm. 
Herpestes  nigrescens  Benth. 
Gratiola  Floridana  Nutt. 
Seymeria  macrophylla  Nutt. 
Gerardia  patula  Chapm. 
Catalpa  speciosa  Ward. 
Ruellia  ciliosa  Pursh. 
Isanthus  coeruleus  Michx. 
Pycnanthemum  hnifolium  Pursh, 
Calamintha  glabella  Benth. 
Monarda  tistulosa  L. 
Aristolochia  tomentosa  Sims. 
Oxybaphus  albidus  Sweet. 
Euphorbia  raercurialina  Michx. 
E.  obtusata  Pursh. 
E.  commutata  Engelm. 
Tragia  macrocarpa  Willd. 
Croton  capitatus  Michx. 
C.  monanthogynos  Michx. 
Ulmus  alata  Michx. 
U.  racemosa  Thom. 
Quercus  lyrata  Walt. 
Q.  Miihlenbergii  Engm. 
Q.  Michauxii  Nutt. 
Q.  imbricaria  Michx. 
Orchis  spectabilis  L. 
Spiranthes  gracilis  Bigelow. 
Pardanthus  Chinensis  Kerr. 
Allium  mutabile  Michx. 
Schoenolirium  croceura  Gray. 
Uvularia  grandiflo^a  Smith. 
Juncus  leptocaulis  Torr.  ct  Gray. 
Cyperus  Baldwinii  Torr 
C.  Engelmanni  Hend. 
C.  acuminatus  Torr. 
C.  ovularis  Torr. 
Eleocharis  compressa  Sulln. 
Scirpuslin-  atus  Michx. 
Carex  Muhlenbergii  Schk. 
C.  retroflexa  Miihll. 
C.  Crawei  Dew. 
Paspalum  dilatatum  Poir. 


(JENKRAL    ASPECT    OF    THE    II.oHA. 


S.  iilmifolia  Nutt. 

S.  rupestris  Kaf. 

Bellis  integrifolia  Michx. 

Aster  oblon,2:ifolius  Nutt. 

A.  Sh(^rtii  Hooker. 

A.  undulatus  L. 

A.  lyevis  L. 

Polymnia  Canadensis,  var.  radiata 

Gray. 
Silphium  perfoliatum  L. 
S.  terebinthinaceum,  var.  pinnatili- 

dum  Gray. 
Inula  Helenium  L.  E.  Ten. 
Echinacea  ani^usti folia  DC. 
Lepachys  pinnata  Torr  e^  Gray. 
Helianthus  hirsutus  Raf. 
H.  tuberosus  L. 
Verbesina  Virginica  li. 
Cacalia  tuberosa  Nutt. 


Panicum  lati folium  L. 
P.  capill.ire  L.,var.  lU'.xile.Gattinger. 
1*.  dicliotonniin  L.,  var.  niliduni  Lani. 
Trij)>acuni  daclyloideh  L. 
Dantlionia  ."-ericea  Nutt. 
Eatonia  Dudlcyi  Va.M'v. 
E.  Prnnsylvanica  (iray. 
Eiagrosiis  Frankii  Meyer. 
Arislida  gracilis  Ell. 
Sporoliolus  vagiuM'tlorus  'i  orr. 
Uniola  latifolia  Mi<h.\. 
Festuca  ovina  I^. 

Arundinaria  niacr<»sp(^rnia  Mich. 
Juniperus  V'irginiana  L. 
Cheilanlhos  Alabaniensis  Kunze. 
Ch.  vestita  Swartz. 
Aspleniuin  parvuluni  M.  vV:  J. 
Isoetes  Buttlerijvar.  immaculata 
Engehn. 


PLANTS   OF   THE   OAK    J! 

(Siliceous  and 

Thalictrum  dioicum  L. 
Th.  debile  Buckl. 
Ranunclulus  oblongifolius  Ell. 
Delphinium  tricorne  jVIichx. 
Ciniicifuga  racemosa  Ell. 
Caulophyllum  thalictroides  Michx. 
Stylophorum  diphyllum  Nutt. 
Dicentra  Cucullaria  DC. 
Vesicaria  Shortii  Torr  &  Gray. 

(on  shale.) 
Polanysia  gravealens  Raf. 
Helianthemum  Canadense  Michx. 
Lechea  patula  Legget. 
L.  tenuifolia  Michx. 
Viola  pedata  L. 
V.  bland  a  L. 
Polygala  Curtissii  Gray  (and  other 

Polygalasy. 
Anychia  dichotoma  Willd. 
Hypericum  virgatum  Lam. 
H.  Kahnianum  L. 
H.  dolabriforme  V^ent.,  (E.  Ten.). 
H.  nudicaule  Walt. 
Vitis  vulpina  L. 
Rhus  copallina  L. 
Crotallaria  sagittalis  L 
Psoralea  melilothoides  ]\richx. 
Stylosanthes  elatior  Swartz. 
Lespedeza  striata  Hook. 
L.  capita ta  Michx. 
L.  hi rta  Michx. 
Thephrosui  Virginica  Pers. 
Th.  spicata  Torr.  tt  Gray. 


AKRENS   AND    HI(;HLAM).«. 

Argillaceous  soils. 

Krigia  Virginica  Pursh. 

Lobelia  j)ul>orula  Michx. 

Vaccinium  arboreum  Marsh. 

V.  stamineum  L. 

Oxydeudron  arboreum  DC. 

Kalmia  lalifolia  L. 

Rhododendron  nuditlorum  Torr. 

Rh.  calen<lnlaceum  T.>rr. 

Acerafes  K>ngifflia  Ell. 

Sabbathia  gracilis  Pursh. 

Phlox  amuMia  Sims. 

Lithospermum  latifolium  Michx. 

Convi'-lvulus  spithamous  L. 

Cuscuta  com}>acta  luss. 

C.  glomerata  Choisy. 

Gratiola  ramosa  Walt. 

Puchnera  Americana  L. 

Seymt^ria  t(Muiifolia  Pursh..  K    r»M). 

Gerardia  quercifolia  Pursh. 

G.  tenuifolia  Vahl. 

Castilleia  coccinea  Spreng. 

Sclnvalbea  .Vmericana  (iron. 

Trifhostema  dichotomum  L. 

Pycnanthemum  lanccolatum  Pursh. 

P;  Tullia  Pcnth. 

M<»narda  Hradburiana  Puckl 

()xybaj>hus  ny<'tagyincus  Sweet. 

Comandra  umbellata  Nutt. 

Pachysandra  procumbens  Nutt. 

Euphorbia  corollatn  L. 

(>uercus  faU-ata  Michx. 

l^).  acpiatica  Cate-bv. 

().  Phellos  L. 


16 


(JKXKRAI.    ASPECT    OF    THE    FLORA. 


Rhynchosia  tomentosa,  Torr.&  Gray. 
Djsmxlium  viridiflorum  Buckl. 

D.  sessili folium  T  )rr. 
Ciitoria  M  iriana  L. 
IJiptisia  titictoria  R.  Br. 
ThrrinopsisCarolinianaM.  A.  Curt, 
Cladr.istis  tinctoria  Rif. 

S  -lir  inkia  angustata  Torr.  &  Gray. 
(E  lotherifruticosa  L. 
<E.  sinuita  L. 
Ludwi^^ia  hirtella  Raf. 
L.  linearis  W  ill. 
Hunarnelis  Virginica  L. 
Lythruai  alatuni  Pursh. 
Guir.i  biennis  L.,  (E.  Ten.). 
G.  tilip^s  Si)ich,  (E.  Ten.). 
P.)lyt:i^  lia  Nuttallii  DC. 
Arrhmgelica  hirsuta  Torr.  &  Gray. 
Housto'iia  cjerulea  L. 
Oldenlandia  Boscii  Chapm. 
Eiipatorium  semiserratum  DC. 

E.  aromatic um  L. 

E.  leucolepis  Torr.  <k  Gray. 

Liatris  spicata  Willd. 

L.  graminifolia  Pursh. 

Ohrysopsis  Mariana  Nutt. 

Solida^o  cae^ia  L. 

S.  bi color  L.     . 

S.  odora  Ait. 

S.  corymbosa  Ell. 

S.  lanceolata  L. 

Boltonia  diffusa  Ell. 

Aster  concolor  L. 

A.  umbellatus  Mill. 

A:  linariifolius  L. 

Silpliium  braehiatum  Gattinger. 

S.  scaberrimum  Ell. 

S.  Asteriscus  Ell. 

Rudb9kialaciniata  L. 

Helianthus  atrorubensL. 

Helianthella  tenuifolia  Torr.  &  Gray. 

Coreopsis  auriculata  L. 

C.  senifolia  Michx. 

Cacalia  suaveolens  L. 


Castanea  vesca,  var.  Amsricana 

Michx. 
C.  pumila  Michx.  (E.  Tenn.). 
Habenaria  integra  Sprengel. 
H.  psramoeia  Gray. 
Spiranthes  simplex  Gray. 
Sp.  cernua  Rich. 
Pogonia  pen  lula  Lindley. 
Iris  Virginica  L 
Lilium  Canadense  L. 
Uvularia  perfoliata  L. 
Stenanthiam  robustum  Wats. 
Amianthium  muscse^oxicum,  Gray, 

(E.  Tnnn.). 
Dichromena  latifolia  Baldso. 
Juncu-i  pelocarpus  E.  Meyer. 
Cvperus  vegetus  Willd. 
S?,irpus  polyphyllus  Vahl. 
Carex  Shortiana  Dev. 
C.  fl  iccosperma  Dew. 
C.  granularis  Miihlb. 
Paspalum  laeve  Michx. 
Panicum  commutatum  Schulz. 
P.  depauperatum  Mhlb. 
P.  fill  forme  L. 
P.  glabrum  Gaud.,  var.   Mississippi 

ense  Gattinger. 
Erianthns  alopecuroides  Ell. 
E.  brevibarbis  Michx. 
E.  strictus  Baldw. 
Danthonia  spicata  Beauv. 
Gymnopogon  racmeosus  Beauv. 
Eatonia  obtusata,.  var.  laxiflora  Gatt. 
Chryspogon  avenaceum  Buckl. 
Aristida  purpurascens  Poir. 
Sporobolus  Indicus  R.  Br. 
Uniola  gracilis  Michx. 
Festuca  Shortii  Vasey. 
Arundinaria  tecta  Mhlb. 
Pinus  inops  Ait. 
Equisetum  arvense  L.,  E.  Tenn. 
Pteris  aquilina  L. 
Phegopteris  hexagonoptera  Fee. 


WEST   TENNESSEE. 

The  Tennessee  river  very  nearly  indicates  in  its  northern 
cour.se  a  geological  division,  flowing,  as  it  does,  along  an  ancient 
devonian  and  silurian  shore-line.  A  few  miles  west  and  parallel 
with  the  river  rises  the  eastern  escarpment  of  an  undulating  pla- 
teau of  only  2-300  feet  elevation  above  the  waters  of  the  Ten- 
nessee river.  This  irregular  tableland  slopes  gradually  towards  the 
Mississippi    river  and  terminates  there  in  another  bluff,  which 


(JENERAI.    ASPE(   r    ( >F     llli;    M.OUA.  17 

rises  about  '2(H)  feet  over  the  tloods  of  the  Mississij)j>i.  Tl>e  east- 
ern portion  of  this  area  is  compo  eil  of  eretaceous  and  the  western 
of  tertiery  and  f  ost-tertiery  deposits,  either  sands  or  soft  creta- 
ceous shale.  Folid,  often  ferruginous,  sandstone.^  appar  at  the 
surface,  scattered  in  incoherent  masses. 

AVe  behold  no  longer  liiu])id  str(anis,  rippling  over  rocky  bot- 
toms, sided  by  elifls  and  blutls.  Instead  of  tluni  \ve  find  lagoons 
and  swampy  borders,  stretching  along  muddy-looking  waters  of 
sluggish  streams. 

From  distance  already,  before  crossing  the  liver,  wt-  are  in 
sight  of  towering  cy})resses.  AVhile  a  thousand  mih  s  last  from 
here  they  yet  occupy  the  shore-line  of  the  Atlantic,  here  the 
shore  line  has  receded  to  the  Gulf  and  left  the  cvprcss  behind. 
Their  dimensions  are  truly  enormcnis.  The  far  spreading  roots 
emerge  like  sharp-backed  ridges  from  the  brownish  lagoon,  grad- 
ually cree])ing  up  and  girding  with  buttress-like  j)rojections  the 
many-angled  column.  A  perpendicular  shaft  ascends  to  a  height 
of  120-150  feet  and  then  spreads  a  flat  or  hemisj)hcrical  crown. 
Such  I  have  seen  twenty  years  ago  mar  Johnsonville.  Cypress 
swamps  are  along  both  big  rivers,  and  many  other  extensive 
sw^amps  and  swampy  lands  are  along  every  watercourse,  the  most 
perhaps  along  Big  Sandy.  It  may  therefore  be  expected  that  a 
great  many  more  aquatic  species  and  such  as  inhabit  marshy 
lands  exist  in  this  region,  than  in  either  East  or  Middle  Tennes- 
see. My  own  experience  is,  hoAvever,  limited  and  restricted  to 
one  point  on  the  Mississippi  river,  the  regions  of  lirownsville, 
Humbolt,  McKenzie,  Hollow-rock  and  Johnsonville.  in  which 
places  I  have  made  interesting  collections. 

PLANTS  PECULIAR  TO  WEST  TENNESSEE. 

Ranunculus  multifidus  Pursh.  Planeni  iiquatica  Gmel. 

Brasenia  peltata  Pursh.  Litlios])einnini    anguisti folium 
Cabomba  Caroliniana  Gray.  Midix. 

Hypericum  lobocarpum  Gattinger.    rtricularia  Mllora  Lam. 

Gleditschia  monospernia  Walt.  Iris  cui)rea  Pur>h. 

Dalea  alopecuruides  Willd.  Iris  hexapma  Walt. 

Berchemia  volubilis  DO.  Hahenaria  vircK-eiis  i?prenpel. 

GaHum  Arkansanum  Gray.  Juncus  mititaris  Bigel. 

Eryngium  prostratuni  Niitt.  Scirjais  debihs  Pursli. 

Marshallia  lanceolata  Pursh.  Zizania  acjuatica  L. 

Ambrosia  bidentata  ISIichx.  Spj.rtina  cynot^uroides  Willd. 

Helenium  tennifoliuni  Nutt.  Krairrostis  cxylepis  Torr. 

Senecio  lobatus  Pers.  Cenclirus  tnbuloides  L. 

Hydrolea  affinis  Gray.  Aristida  nunosissima  Engcliu. 

Verbena  stricta  Vent.  Tax» dinin  (ii.stichum  Kidi. 
LimnanthemumlacunosumGriese.    A>i>lcniniu  Filix  femina  L.  var. 
Polypremum  jirocumbens  T..  anuustum  (iray. 

Quercus  bicolor  Willd.  Azdla  Caroliniana  ^^  did 

Stillingia  sylvatica  L.  K.,.^^^tuIn  robustum   H.Br. 

9 


Tennessee  Flora 


Species  occurring  within  a  radius  of  thirty  miles  from 

Nashville  are  reckoned  to  the  Nashville  Flora, 

and  printed  in  bold  type ;  those  beyond 

this  range  in  small  pica.     O.  S.— 

Over  the  whole  State. 


RANUNCULAC'PLE. 

Clematis  Viorna  L.     O.  S.    Yerv  variable. 

Var.  coccmea  Gray.     Foot  of  liookoiit  Ml.     .1.  1\  .lanu-. 

C.  reticulata  AValt.  Middle  Teiin.  Foliaire  not  <|uitr  as 
leathery  and  prominently  reticulated  as  my  8.  V.  sj)eeiiuins. 

('.  Virgiiiian/a  L.     O.  S. 

Anemone   nemorosa    L.      Paradise    ridge.       Cumi)erland    and 

Alleghany  Mts. 

A.  Virgitjniana  L.     O.  S.    June-July. 

A.  acntiloba  Lawson.     Middle  Tenn.     March. 

A.  Hepatica  L.  Mts.  of  East  Tenn.  In  the  l^-..^  Mi... 
East  Tenn.,  I  obtained  specimens  with  acute  and  (•btu>c-lobed 
foliage  on  the  same  plant.     A])ril. 

A.  decapetala  L.    (A.  Caroliniaua  Walt.')   ( 'cdar  irlades.    April. 

Anemonella  thalicti'oides  Spach.  (  Th.  aucmnuoi.h  >  Michx.) 
().  S.     March. 

Tlialictrum  (lioituui  L.     ( ).  t>.     .hnu -.luly. 

T.  purpurascens  T..     ().  S.     July. 

Yar.  ceriferum  Aiist.     <  >.  S.     .lune-duly. 

T.  clavatum  DC.     C^imberland  and  Alleghany  Ml-.    .Iidy. 

T.  poly^anuim  Mfihlb.   ^loist  woodlands.  (J.  S.    July-AuLHist. 


•20  TENNESSEE    FEORA. 

T.  (lebile   liuckl.     Dr.  Hampton's  place  near  Cheatham  Co. 

line.     ( )nly  locality.      May. 

Traiitvetteria  palniata  Fish  c*e  Meyer.  Along  the  whole  chaio 
of  AlK'o-hanies.     July. 

3Iyosiirus  iniiiiimis  L.  Moist  meadow-lands.  Nashville.  April. 

Raiiuiieuliis  abortious  L.  var.  mwranthus  Gray;  common. 
March. 

R.  anibigens  Watson.  Ponds  along  Cumberland  river,  etc, 
June- July. 

R.  circiiiatns  Sibth.  (R.  aqnatilis~'L.  var.  stagnatilis  DC.) 
Ponds  and  swamps  along  Cumberland  R.  .  Flowers  the^whole 
summer. 

R.  aquatilis  L.  var.  trichophyllus  Chaix.     East  Tenn.     July. 

R.  fascicularis  Miihlb.  Common  in  vicinity  of  Nashville. 
March-April. 

R.  iimltifidiis  Pursh.  Swamps  on  Cumberland  and  Tenn, 
rivers.     Cypress  swamps.     July. 

R.  oblongifolius  Elliott.  Damp  ground.  Paradise  ridge. 
TuUahoma.     June. 

R.  parviflorus  L.     Boggy  lands.     O.  S.     April-May. 

R.  pusillus  Poir.     Ditches  and  waste  grounds.     May. 

R.  septentrionalis  Poir.  var.  hispidus,  Michx.  (R.  repens  L, 
var.  hispidus  Michx.)     O.  S. 

Yar.  lucidus  Poir.     O.  S.     May-July. 

Caltha  palustris  L.  var.  parnassifolia  Torr  &  Gray.  Wet 
mountain  meadows,  etc.      Ducktown.     April. 

Aqiiilegia  Canadensis  L.  Rocky  woodlands.  Bluffs  on  Mill 
Creek  near  Nashville.     April. 

Delphinium  azureum  Michx.  Cedar  glades  of  Middle  Tenn. 
May. 

D.  tricorne  Michx.     Rich  woodlands.     O.  S.     April-May. 

B.  exaltatum  Ait.     Roane  Mt.     J.  W.  Chickering. 

D.  Consolida  L.  Introduced  and  spreading  copiously.  May^ 
June. 

Aconitum  reclinatum  Gray.     Mountains  of  East  Tenn. 

Coptis  trifolia  Salisb.  Higher  Alleghanies.  Tlninderhead. 
June. 


TENNKSSKE    FI.ORA.  J  1 

Xmithon-hiza^apiifolia  J/Hor.  IJaiiks  uf  evcrv  iiKniiilain 
«tream.     East  Ten n.     Maivli-April. 

Hydrastis  Canadensis  L.  liich  woods ;  v.tv  (•(.ininui,.  Apiil. 
May. 

Actaea  alba  I5Igel.     Rich  woocllauds.     May. 

A.  spicata  var.  nibl'a;2Michx.  Moist,  rich  and  >lia<ly  In.ali- 
ties.     Sometimes  with  the  former.     O.  8. 

Ciiuicifu^a  raceniosa  KU.  Ivicli  woodlauds  :  «<.ii)in<.n.  .lunc- 
July. 

C.Americana  Michx.  Alleghany  Mts.,  1  )iickin\\  n,  IJnaiK 
Mt.     Prof.  Chickcring.     Angnst-Scjttcnihcr. 

CALYCANTHACEJ^:. 

Calycantlms  floridns  L.  Harpetli  hills  by  Nashville.  Vw- 
qnently  cnltivated  in  old  gardens.     May. 

0.  glauGUS  ^Y ilk].  Cumberland  Mts.  White.side.  AlsoChil- 
honewe  and  Smoky  Mts.     June. 

MAGNOLIACEiE. 

Magnolia  aenniinata  L.  River  and  creek  bottoms  of  Middle 
Tenn.     Along  Gallatin  pike,  near  Xashville.     May. 

M.  macrophylla  Michx.  Mountains  of  East  Tenn.,  Sm<»Uy 
Mts.,  etc.     May-June. 

M.  Umbrella  L.  Cumberland  Mts.,  in  deep  ravinrs  :  also  in 
Blue  ridge.     June. 

M.  Eraser iy^SiXi.  Ap])arently  not  in  the  ( 'umberland  Mis., 
but  frequent  in  high  mountains  of  l']a-t  Tenn.,  IJoane  Mt<..  liig 
Smokies.     June-July. 

M.  gl'andiflora  L.      In  cultivation  only.      May  -Inly. 

Lii'iodendron  tnlipifera  L.     One  of  the  tallest   tree>  in  the  ^.  t.*>< 

State.  The  largest  trees  are  thought  to  be  found  along  Missis- 
sippi bottoms  in  Obion  Co.,  and  to  nua-ure  above  l')<»  feet  i»i«^h. 
Mav. 

ANONACE.E. 

Asimina  triloba  Dnnal.  Commonly  a  shrub  S- 10  feet  high, 
but  also  found  a  small,  slim  tree  (J-S  inches  diameter  and  'Jo  feet 
high,  in  the  rich  bottoms  of  Cumberl.  and  Tenn.  rivers.      March. 


s» 


22  TENNESSEE    FLOE  A. 

MENISPERMACE.E. 

Calyeoearpiim  Lyoiii  Nutt.  River  bottoms,  climbing  high. 
May-' III  no. 

Cocculns  Caroliiius  L.  On  bushes  in  open  fields  and  climbing 
high  in  moist  woodlands.     July-Angust. 

Meiiisperimiin  Cauadeiise  L.  River  bottoms,  with  the  former. 
Julv. 

BERBERIDACE^E. 

Caiilopliylliiiii  tlialicti'oides  Michx.  In  deep  leaf-mould.  Fre- 
quent in  Cumberland  Mts  and  Alleghanies.     April. 

Diphylleia  cymosa  Michx.  Roane  Mts.  Prof.  Chickering. 
Also  Smoky  Mts.     May-June. 

Jeffei'sonia  diphylla  Persoon.  Rocky  woodlands,  over  the 
State.     In  limestone  soil.     Harpeth  ridge.     May. 

Podophyllum  peltatuiii  L.  Rich  woodlands,  every  where. 
April-^Iav. 

NYMPH^ACE^. 

Braseuia  peltata  Pursh.  Ponds  and  lagoons.  Not  frequent. 
Swamp  in  Jones^  Bend,  near  Edgefield  Junction.     July. 

Cahomba  Caroliniana  Gray.  Cypress  swamps,  Johusonvillcy 
W.  Tenn.     July-August. 

Nelunibiuiii  luteum  Willd.  Lagoons  along  Tennessee  and 
Cumberland  rivers.     Shelby  Pond,  near  Nashville.     July. 

Nuphar  advena  Ait.  Very  frequent,  in  the  lower  course  of 
Cumberland  Mts.  streams.     June-Sept. 

Nyiiiplia^a  odorata  Ait.  In  a  pond  at  the  Lunatic  Asylum 
grounds  near  Nashville.     Said  to  be  in  the  State. 

PAPAVERACE.E. 
Argeuioue  Mexicaiia  L.     O.  S.,  In  and  near  towns  and  villages, 

Styloplioruiu  dipliylluui  Nutt.  Rich  woods.  Harpeth  hills^ 
near  Nashville.     April-May. 

Papaver  soimiiferuin  L.  Occasionally  escaped,  but  not  in- 
clined to  spread.     July-August. 

P.  diibiuui  L.  Waste  grounds  in  Nashville.  Old  cemetery. 
June. 


TKNNF.S8KK    FLOHA.  23 

Saii^iiiiiai'ia  Canadensis  L.  Over  tlw  wli..Iu  State  in  rieh 
soil.     April-Mav. 

1' IMAIMACKJ;. 

Dieentraruonllai'ia  DC  In  leaf  hk.hI.L  ^lia.jv  mvin.^.  Ilar- 
peth  liills  near  Nashville.     Api-il. 

D.  Cauadeiisis  DC;.  Cunilx-rlaiul  iiioimtain-.  <  iral;  <  )r(liard, 
etc.     May. 

D.  eximia  DC.  Only  on  Dow  river,  (art.-r  Co.,  I.nt  there 
abundant.     June-July. 

AdUnnia  cirrhosa  Raf.  In  the  valley  of  Dow  riv(  i\  along 
narrow  gauge  railroad,  leading  to  Cranehcn-y  iron  work-,  al.un- 
daut. 

Corydalis  flavnia  DC.      Woods  and  thiekets.      Xashville. 

G.  r/Iauca  Pursh.  ^Mountain  gorges  on  Dow  river.  JCast 
Tenn.     August. 

CRUCIFKILK. 

Nastnrtium  officinale  R.  Rr.  Springs  and  i)rooklets.  Ka.st 
and  Middle  Tenn.     April-May.      Indigenous. 

N.  lacustre  Gray.  Swamps  of  Tennessee  and  Cninberland 
rivers.     (Johnsonville).     July. 

N.  sessilifloruni  R.  Br.  Wet  meadows  and  ditches.  Common. 
May- August. 

N.  Armoracia  Fries.  Horseradish.  In  cultixaiion,  and  here 
and  there  near  gardens. 

Leavenworthia  Micliauxii  Torr.  Cedar  glades.  Middle  Tenn. 
Lavergne.     April-]N[ay. 

^L.  torulosa  Gray.  n.  sp.  First  collected  in  Isijo  in  vicinity 
of  Vanderbilt  University  grounds.  Abounds  about  Nashville 
and  over  the  cedar  glades  of  Middle  Tenn.     April. 

^Leavennorthia  tmuloHa  Gr:iy.  Silique  linear.  con^picuouBly  toroee; 
style  fully  equallinoj  the  hrejultli  of  the  silique  :  seeds  broadly  oval,  nar- 
rowly winpjed;  radicle  nearly  transverse,  strictly  Hpi)lied  to  the  edges  of 
the  colyledons  at  the  base  on  one  side:  j)etals  purplish  with  a  yellowish 
spot  towards  the  claw.  Either  stemless  or  cauh'.-ceiu.  ascending  from  a 
spreading  procumbent  V)ase,  with  several  sometimes  ultimately  forking 
pedicels.  Generally  4-."),  but  lHr.i;e  specimens  someinnes  *J  inches  high, 
and  spreading  over  a  square  foot  of  ground.  The  fre.-h  herbage  has  tlie 
taste  of  watercress  and  is  well  ad:i])teil  for  loblc  u.-e.  Vide  /A^.  Gat., 
March,  1880. 


24  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

*L.  stvlosa  Grav.  n.  sp.  Discovered  in  the  cedar  glades  1 
mile  east  of  Laveriine,  17  miles  from  Nashville,  in  1869.  Also 
found  near  Green  Hill,  in  Wilson  Co.,  Tenn.     April. 

Dentaria  diphylla  Michx.  Banks  of  Cumberland,  Nashville. 
April. 

D.  laciniata,  Miihlb.     Hills  around  Nashville.     March-April. 

D.  niultifida,  Miihlb.     East  Tenn.     Roane  Co.     April. 

Cardaniine  rhoniboidea  DC.  Low  grounds.  Vicinity  of  race- 
track at  Nashville.     May. 

C.  Ckinatitis  Shuttl.  Highest  mountains  of  East  Tenn. 
Roane  Mt.    Prof.  Chickering.    Clingman  Dom  6500'.    June-July. 

('.  hirsuta  L.     Low  swampy  grounds.     April-May. 
Var.  sylvatica  Gray.     Dry  woodlands.     March-May. 

Arabis  Ludoviciana  Meyer.  Fields  and  roadsides,  abundant. 
March,  May. 

A.  deutata  Torr  &  Gray.  Low,  rich  grounds.  O.  S.  March- 
May. 

A.  Canadensis  Liv.     Rocky  woodlands.     O.  S.     April. 

A.  patens  Sulliv.     Along  Ocoe  river,  East  Tenn.,  etc. 

A.  bevi^'ata  DC.  Rocky  woodland,  cliffs  along  Cumberland 
and  'M\]\  creek.     April-May. 

Til (^li podium  piunatifldum  Wats  Rich  hillsides.  Frequent 
around  Nashville.     April-May. 

Brassica  Sinapistrnm  Boiss.     In  cultivated  grounds. 

* Lpavenwmihia  stylosa  Gray.  Habitus  the  same  like  the  former,  but 
a  little  more  slender.  It  is  also  either  stemless  or  caulescent,  not  strictly 
stemless,  like  Dr.  Gray  thought  it  to  be  from  stemless  specimens  sent  to 
him.  Robust,  plants  have  the  ascending  stems  terminating  with  a 
fasciculate  inflorescence.  Silicle  broadly  oval  or  oblong  and  2  lines  wide 
and  5-12  lines  long,  plane,  surmounted  by  a  slender  style  3-4^  lines  long  : 
Seeds  8-6  orbicular,  distinctly  Avinged;  embryo  as  in  the  preceding; 
petals  during  anthesis  pure  golden  yellow  throughout,  marcescent  and 
ehrivolling  they  turn  to  a  purplish-white. 

First  collected  in  the  cedar  barrens  at  Lavergne,  one  mile  southeast 
from  the  station,  June  2,  1879,  in  a  springy  spot  associated  with  Isoetes 
Buttleri  and  Schconolirium  Carolinianum.  Also  found  in  a  similar  spot 
near  Green  Hill,  Wilson  Co. 

Leavenivorthia  Michauxii  Torr.  occurs  in  the  same  locality  close  by,  is 
always  much  smaller ;  stigma  sessile  or  subsessile.  Ttie  name  Cardamine 
unifiora  may  have  originated  in  an  oversight  of  robuster  specimens  or 
a  too  early  collection.     Vide  Bot.  Gaz.,  March,  1880. 

Library 


TKNNKSSKK    KI.(»KA.  25 

B.  alba  Gray.      Ki-ecjuciitly  ciiltivalc  <1  and  ocajiin;:.      Mav. 

B.  Dlgra  Koch.      Escaped. 

B.  campestris.     Cultivattd  and  escaping  into  waste  grounds. 

Draha  biacliycarpa  Nutt.  (cdar  <ria(U,s  ,,f  Middle  Tenn 
March. 

D.  ('ai'Olilliaiia  Walt.  Sterile  r()(d<y  land^.  (  ).  ^.  Mareh- 
April. 

Draba  rcuncmsKinm  Dosv.  Mountains  of  East  Tenn.  Mundie 
bluff  on  Ocoe  river,  Polk  Co.     Aj)ril-Mav. 

Vesicaria  SllOl'tii  Torr  cVs  (Jray.  Rising  Sun  hlntT.  11  miles 
below  Xashville.     April. 

Alyssuill  Lescurii  Gray.  Hills  south  and  wot  of  Na>hville, 
covering  the  ground  in  great  patches,  visible  miles  distant. 
April-May. 

Sisymbriuni  olfleiliale  Scop.  Ditches  and  roadsides,  ev«ry- 
where.      May- June. 

Thlaspi  arvense  L.     Common  weed.      March-June. 

flesperis  inatroualis  L.  Introduced.  Alongside  a  fence  in 
Mrs.  Cheatham\s  gardens,  Nashville.     May. 

Lepidiiim  Virgiiiiciim  L.    O.  S.,  along  roadsides.    May— Inly.  ^.  ;.f..t 

Senebiera  Coronopus  J^.  Vacant  town  lots.  Mcmphi-.  Dr. 
O.  Egeling. 

RaphamiS  sativus  L.      Escapes  sometimes  iniix.pen  lield>. 

CAPPARIDAGE.E. 

rieome  piingeus  Willd.  Scattered  ().  S.  Ahundant  in  low 
woodlands  along  Tennessee  river  near  ( 'hattanooga.     .hine-.Iiilv. 

Polanisia  graveolens  Raf.  Alonu-  K.  K.  in  Dixon  ( 'o..  Middle, 
Tenn.      Also  West  Tenn.     July. 

CISTACK.K. 

lleliantheinum  Canadenxc  Michx.  r)iadh\  < '"..  Ka-'  i-'un. 
near  Charleston.     April-]\Iay. 

Lecliea  major  Michx.     O.  S.     July-August. 

L.  milKH'  Walter.  Barrens  of  Middle  Tenn.  and  mountain^ 
of  East  Tenn.     July-August. 

L.teimifolia  Michx.  Cuml)erland  and  Alleghanv  Mt^.  July- 
August. 


26  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

L.  thyinifolia  Pursli.     Dry  rocky  glades,  Middle Tenii.    July- 
August. 

L.  Di'iimnioudii  Torr.  c'c  Gray.     Cedar  glades,  Lavergne.   May- 
June. 

VIOLACE^E. 

huiidimii  coucolor  Barth.  &  Hook.     O.  S.     April-May. 

Viola  pubesceiis  Ait.     Harpeth  hills,  near  Xashville,  etc. 
Var.  ei'iocarpa  Xult.     Rich  woods  of  the  Cumberland  Mts. 
and  banks  of  Cumberland  river  at  Xashville.     April. 

v.  eaniua  L.  var.  sylvestris  Kegel.     Damp   woodlands,  East 
Tenn.      March-April. 

V.  striata  Ait.     O.  S.     Frequent  in    vicinity  of   Xashville.  K>^^ 
April-May. 

V.  Canadensis  L.     Cumberland  and  Alle2:hanv  Mts.     May- 
July. 

V.  pedata  L.     Over  the  whole  State. 

A^ar.  bicolor  Pursh.,  with  the  former.     April-May. 

V.  sa<i;ittata  Ait.     Highlands   of  Middle  Tenn.     East  Tenn. 
April-^Iay. 

V.  blanda  Willd.     Dry  rocky  ground,  hills   near  Xashville, 
April-May. 

Var.  remfolia  Gray.  Summit  of  Thunderhead,  6000'.   July, 

V.  rotinidifolia  Michx.     Cumberland  Mts. 

V.  palniata  L.     Common.     April-May. 

Var.  ciicullata  Ait.     With  the  former.     April-May. 

V.  odorata  L.     Old  cemeteries  and  escaped  from  gardens.  Xot 
prone  to  spread. 

V.  tricolor  L.   var.  arvensis  Gray.     Abundant  in  the  cedar 
glades  of  Middle  Tenn.     March- April.     Indigenous. 

POLYGALACE.^. 

Poly^^ala  ittcariiata  L.     Paradise  ridge,  Tullahoma,  Bon  Air, 
June-July. 

P.  Ciirtissii  Gray.     Barrens  of  jNIiddle  Tenn.  to  Mts.  of  East 
Tenn.     June- July. 

Pohjgala  fastigiata  Xutt.     Sewanee,  Tenn.     July- August. 

P.  erneiata  L.     Oak  barrens.     O.  S.     July-August. 


I 


TENNESSKK    FLOliA.  27 

P.  Nuftallii  Torr.  c^-  (irav.  Ari;illac,.,)us  aixl  -iliooiis  .^oils. 
O.  S.     July-Auiru.st. 

P.  aillbipa  Xult.  Dry,  sterile  and  >ilic('oiis  soil-.  Ilaipeili 
hills  and  vicinity  of  Nashville  to  ]\a>t  Teiiii.     Jiilv. 

P.  polygdina  \\w\{.      i^ast  Tenn.      l-'re(iiieiit. 

r.  SenoiLra  L.     Kast  'remi. 

Var.  latifolia  Torr.  cV:  (Jray.    X'ieinity  (.1'  Na-liville.     May- 
June. 

CARYOIMl  VLLACK/i:.     ^^^_  ^    ''.^ 

Sapoiiaria  olficinalis  L.  Intrfxhieed  l»nt  now  dividu^ed  over 
the  whole  State.     July-Auirnsi. 

Sileue  autilTllina  J..       Fields   and  waste   places.      May. 

8.  Pennsylvanica  Miehx.  Cninberland  and  Alle<rhenv  Mt-. 
May. 

S.  Vil'gillica  L.      Edi^es  of  woods  and  sunny  hilUide>.      May. 

aS'.  rotundifolia  Nutt.  High  (difls  of  C'uini)erland  Mt>..  on 
sandstone  ledges  near  Sewanee.  Lookout  Mt.,  summit  of.  May- 
June. 

S.  stellata  Ait.     Open  woodlands.     Common,     duly. 

S.  nivea  DC.  Mountains  on  i^niory  river  ahove  Kingston, 
East  Tenn.     Apparently  very  rare  I 

Lychnis  Githa^O  r^am.      In  wheat  and  rye-lields.      May. 

Ai^enar la  glabra  Wichx.  Highest  parts  of  Cumberland  and 
Allegheny  Mts.     July.     (Lookout  Mt.) 

A.  patllla  Miehx.  Cedar  (Jlades  of  Middle  'renn.,aU.>  i\n.>\- 
ville,  East  Tenn.     April-May. 

A.  serpyllilblia  L.      Dry,  roc  ky  ground^.      Manh-May. 

A.  diffusa  Elliott.      liieh,  >hady  >oiI.      May-dune. 

Stellaria  media  Smith.  Troublesome  weed  in  (•uliivaU'»l 
grounds.      Flowering  summer  and  winter. 

S.  pubera  Mielix.      Ridi  woodland^.      Apiil-May. 

S.  crassilolia  F^hrh.  Moist  and  ro(d<y  grounds.  \'ery  al)un- 
dant  in  vieiinty  of  Nashville.     April-May. 

S.  lougilolia  Muhlb.      Kingston  springs  on   the   l)luir.     July. 

Cerastilllll  VUlgatuiII  L.      Pastures  and  roadsides.      April-May. 

C.  visc(>silin  L.  Less  copious  thati  the  former.  Dry  uphuuis. 
April-^Iay. 


/^ 


28  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

('.  ol>lou^^ifoliuni  Turr.     Cedar  glades.     May-June. 
('.  nutans  Kaf.     Moist  ground  and  hillsides.     May-June. 
Sa^nna   apetala   L.     Damp   soil.     Pavements    in    Nashville. 
Marcli-Aiiril. 

PARONYCHIE.E. 

Paronychia  argyrocoma  Nutt.  High  mountains  of  East  Tenn. 
August.     Prof.  Chickering. 

Anycliia  dichotonia  Willd.     Dry  rocky  woodlands. 
A.  capillacea  DC.     With  the  former.     July-August. 

PORTULACACE^E. 
Portnlaea  oleraeea  L.    Fields  and  gardens.     June-September. 
P.  ^randiflora  Hook.    Frequently  cultivated  in  flower-gardens 
and  therefrom  self-sowing.     June-September. 

Talinnni  teretifoliuni  Pursh.  Crevices  of  rocks  in  the  cedar 
glades.     July-August. 

Claytonia  Vir^inica  L.    Woods  and  pastures.    March-May. 

C.  Caroliniana  Michx.  Mountains  of  East  Tenn.  Ducktown. 
Mav. 

HYPERICINE^. 

Ascynini  Trux  Andreje  L.     Siliceous  formation.     July-Sept. 

A.  stans  Michx.     Mountain  bogs.     July- August. 

A.  hypericoides  L.  Cleveland,  Ea^t  Tenn.,  Chilhowee  Mts. 
June-July. 

Hypericum  prolificmn  L.  East  Tenn.,  Middle  Tenn.  and 
Craggy-hope,  Dixon  Co.     June-July. 

Var.  montanum  Mihi.     Frog  Mts.,  Polk  Co.     July. 

*H.  lobocarpum,  n.  sp.     Hollow  Rock,  West  Tenn.     July. 

"H.  lahocarpum  Gattinger,  n.  sp.  S3pals  linear-lanceolate,  small, 
unequal,  1^-3  lines  long.  Petals  unequal,  unsymmetric,  3-6  lines  long, 
reflected,  early  deciduous.  Capsule  iive-celled,  deeply  five-lobed,  lanceo- 
late, tapering  into  a  long  beak.  Carpels  almost  distinct,  and  at  full 
maturity  falling  away  from  a  central  axis.  Seeds  1  mm.  lonjr,  incurved, 
apiculate,  striate  lengthwise,  transversely  groove  t.  Leaves  linear,  obtuse, 
slightly  mucronate,  attenuate  downwards,  pale  underneath." 

Shrub,  5-7  feet  high,  with  upright  branches.  Low  swampy  lands  in 
the  orange  sand  formation  at  Hollow  Kock,  Carroll  Co.,  West  Tennessee. 
First  collected  in  fruit  in  1867,  and  again  Juh^  1886,  in  flower.  Only  two 
shrubs  found,  in  very  swampy  ground,  at  the  time  nearly  inaccessible.  I 
have  since  received  specimens  of  a  Hvpericum  Libelled  H.  proliticum, 
"collected  by  Dr.  H.  E.  Hasse  of  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  in  wet  pine  barrens," 
which  prove  to  be  the  same  species.  • 


TENNESSEE    FI.oKA.  _'!> 

H.  Kalmiiianmn  L.  var.  inajii-.  IJarnii-  at  'riilialKUiia. 
July.  o-<)  feet  lni;li  and  of  !n<»i-<-  rolm-t  lial)il  than  tin-  n<trtli<  ifi 
forms. 

H.  aiireuin  liarti-atn.  LinH'stonc  I.-di^c..,  Mi^.  at  ('nuan  :  li-  - 
quent  in  the  cedar  u:la(lc.s  and  njxm  elitls  on  ( 'undx-rland  riv<r. 
July. 

H.  fasciculatniii  Lam.  in  sjn-inuN'  placr-,  foi-niini::  thicket-. 
Bradley  Co.,  East  Tenn.     .Inly. 

H.  adpressum  Barton.  Wild  iroose  pond  nrar  Mitehclvillc 
Summer  Co.     August-September. 

H.  spiiaei'ocai'pillll  Miehx.  Moist  places  in  the  harrm-.  I'n - 
quent  around  Nashville.     June-July. 

H.  dolabi'iformc  Ycnt.     Cameron  Hill.  ( 'hattanoo^a.     July. 

H.  virgatum  Jvam.  (//.  auf/uloxuni  Michx.)     Barn-ns  of  Middh' 
Tenn.,  damp  argillaceous  soils.     July-September. 
Var.  acutifolium.  .  AVith  the  preceding. 

H.  perforatum  h.  Waste  irrounds:  not  frecpicnt  here.  June- 
July. 

H.  corynibosuiii  Muhl.     ().  S.     Jidy. 

H.  graveolens  Buck].  Summit  of  Clin  u:i  nan  Don,  Smokv  Mi-.. 
East  Tenn.     6000'.     July. 

H.  imitilum  L.      Very  abundant  in  wi-t  placi^.     duly-Sepi. 

H.  gyinnanthnm  Engelm.  ct  (Ira v.  liarrens  at  'I'ullahoma. 
July. 

H.  Canadense  L.     Cumberland  Mts.     didy-.Auu^u.-t. 

H.  Dvummondii  Torr.   Sz  (Jray.       P)elvidere,    l-'raidJin    < 
Jidy-August. 

H.  midicaille  Walter  (7/.  Suntlln-d  M\A\\.).  in  >and\  -.il 
everywhere.     Jidy. 

ElodeacailipaiUllataPursh.  /;.  17/v/////«7/ Xntt.  liiv.r— and 
swamps  near  Nashville,     duly- August. 

E.  petiolataPursh.  Swamps,  Middle  and  We>t  Tenn.  diily- 
September. 

TERx\STK(EMIACK.i:. 

Stuartia  pcntagijna  I/IIer.  Cuinb.'rland  and  Allegheny  Mi-. 
June. 

/       ■ 


ii 


30  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

MALYACE.^. 
Abiitilon  Aviceuna*  Gaertn.     Waste  places.     Jiily-August. 
3I.ilva  rotund ifolia  L.     Around  dwellings.     June-September. 
Calliri'Iia'alejeoidesGray.    Copses  near  Brown's  creek.    Nash- 
ville.    Found  only  once. 

Xapaea-dtmca  L.     Upper    East    Tenn.    near    Johnson    City. 
June-Auijnst. 

Malvastruni  aiigustiiin  Gray.     Rocky  ground  and  open  glades, 
^riddle  Tenn.     Very  abundant.     July-August. 

Sida  Elliottii  Torr.  tfc  Gray.    Cedar  glades.    Lavergne.    Edge- 
field Junction.     July-August. 

S.  spinosa  L.    Troublesome  weed  in  pastures  and  fields.  July- 
September. 

Hibiscus  Mosheiltos  L.     River  banks  and  swamps.     July. 

H.  militaris  Cav.     River  banks  and  bottom  lands.     A  white 
variety  near  Xashville.     June-July. 

H.  Trioniini  L.    Frequently  cultivated  in  flower  gardens,  and 
thence  escaped.     July-August. 

TILIACE^. 

Tilia  Americana  L.,  v?iY  pubescens  Land.     Mountains  of  East 
Tenn.     Oeoe  river. 

T.  heterophylla  Vent.    Rich  woodlands  and  along  river  banks. 

Nashville. 

LINAGE.^. 

Linuin  Virgiuiamim  L.     Dry  open  woodlands.     June. 

L.  striatum  Walt.     Cedar  and  oak  barrens.     June. 

L.  usitatissininni  Linn.     Waifs  occasionally  found  near  dwell- 
ings. 

L.  sulcatum  Riddel.     Near  Hickman,  and  East  Tenn.     July. 

GERANIACE^. 

Geranium  maculatum  L.     Rich  woodlands.     June-July. 

G.  Caroliuiauuni  L.     Waste  places.     Common.     May-June. 

Floerhea  prober pina cold es^'^'xW^.     Low  moist  grounds.      Val- 
ey  of  East  Tenn.     April-June. 


T  RS  S  KSS  !•:  K    I '  L( )  K  A  .  31 

Impatiens  pallida  XuU.  'Unrkcts  almicr  cn-cks  :m.l  vj.rinirs. 
July-SeptemlHT. 

I.  fulva   Xutt.      With   the   former.      ( ).   S.      .Iiiii.-Scpt.iiiljer. 

Oxalis  Acetosella  L.  Siiniinit  ofhiirh  Ml-,  of  l^-i-i  T.-mi.  .Iiilv. 
(ThuDclerhead,  Roane  Mt.) 

0.  violacea  L.     Rocky  place.s.      \'erv   roimii.,ii.      M:i\ -.Iihr.. 

0.  stricta  li.  Copses  and  niaririns  of  woodhmd-.  X'crv  varia- 
ble in  size  of  flowers.     May-Septeniljer. 

RUTACK.K. 

Xailthoxyluni  AniericailUin  Mill.  Hills  vicinity  of  Nashville. 
(Charlotte  pike,  copses  beyond  Edgefield,  etc.)      April-Mav. 

Pteleatrifoliata  L.  A  common  shrnb  in  the  limestone  regions 
of  Tennessee.      May-Jnnc. 

simarube.t:. 

Ailantlms  ^laildulosa  Desf.  Perfectly  natural i/((l.  W'idelv 
spreading  over  the  State.     May. 

MELIACE.E. 

Melia  Azedarach  L.  Formerly  fre(|ii('ntly  planted  around 
dwellings,  and  sometimes  found  on  deserted  liomesteads.  It  i> 
gradually  dying  out.      Better  adapted  is 

Keehlreutera  panieiilata  DC.     Lat(  ly  int  rod  need. 

ilicixej:. 

Ilex  opaea  Ait.  Mountains.  Cumberland  and  Allcglunies. 
Also  in  islands  of  Cumberland  and  Tennessee  rivers,  where  it 
grows  to  a  stately  tree  with  '20"  diaiuectr  and  4()-50  feet  high. 
June. 

Ilex  decidua  Walter,     lirownsvillc,  \\'(  st  Tenn.      May. 

1.  mollis  Gray.  Cumberland  Mts.  Summit  of  Lookout  Mt. 
May. 

/.  monticola  Cray.     Smoky  Mts.,  10:i>t  Tcnu.      May. 
^emopanthes  Canadensis  DC.     Mts.  at  Cowan.     August. 

■""^  CELASTRACE  Jv 

Celastrus Hcdndcufi^ j\\\\\.    l>rownsville,  \\'e-i  Ic  nn.  May-dune. 

EvoiiyillUS  AlliericailUS  L.      Rich  woodlands.      .lune. 

E.  ati'opurpni'eiis  Jacc].     River  baid<s  ami  copses.    June-July. 


32  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

RHAMNACEaE. 

Berchemia  voliibilis  DC.  Lookout  Mt.  Very  luxuriant  and 
frequent  in  West  Tenn.     Brownsville.     May-June. 

Rhanmns  lanceolata  Pursh.  River  banks  and  copses,  Nash- 
ville. 

Rli.  Caroliniaua  Walt.     Barrens  of  Middle  Tenn,  etc.     June. 

Oauothus  Ainericaniis  L.  In  argillaceous  and  siliceous  soils, 
woodlands  throughout  the  State.     June-July. 

VITACE.E. 

Vitis  Labrusca  L.  Alleghany  Mts.,  Ducktown.  Cultivated 
in  Bayers  settlement  by  the  first  settlers.     June. 

V.  aestivalis  Michx.  Uplands,  cedar  glades.  Also  in  Alle- 
ghany Mts.     May. 

V.  cordifolia  Michx.     Along  water  courses.     April-May. 

V.  riparia  Michx.     With  the  former.     May. 

V.  vulpina  L.  Cumberland  and  Alleghany  Mts.,  abundant. 
April-May. 

V.  rupestris  Trelease.  Along  Cumberland  river,  banks  of 
Stoner's  creek  etc.,  Nashville.     May. 

T'.  arbo7'ea  Linn.  West  Tenn.  in  moist  woodlands.  May- 
June. 

V.  indivisa  Willd.  River  banks  and  woodlands,  Middle  Tenn. 
May. 

,  Aiiipelopsis  quinquefolia  Michx.     Common. 

SAPINDACE^. 

Acer  dasycarpiim  Ehrh.  Low,  damp  grounds  and  bottom 
lands.  Frequently  planted  for  shade-trees.  Flowers  in  Febru- 
ary and  matures  seeds  before  any  other  plant. 

A.  I'ubruiii  L.  Wet  and  low  lands.  Also  cultivated  for  shade- 
trees.     April. 

A.  saccharinum  Wanger.  var.  nigrum  Torr.  &  Gray.  Rich 
soils.     O.  S. 

A.  spicatum  Lam.  Smoky  Mts.  Summit  of  Thunderhead. 
June.     A  middle-sized  tree. 


TENNESSEE    VLoiiA.  :{:5 

Neg-iindo   aeeroides   M^noli.       limiks   <.l"  crooks   and    rivcr^. 
growing  to  large  diinoiisions  hut  licinn;  iiii>li:i)»(lv.      April. 

Jlseillus   ^'labra    WilM.      Vcrv   al)iin(l:nit    in    tl»«-    l.arnn^   nf 
Middle  Tenn,      May. 

1^.  flava  Ait.    Ivich  woods,  e.sj)ecially  in  tlic  nionntain-.    Ajwil. 

Var.  piirpurasceiis,  small  slirul),  lovint:   ravine  -  and  -liadv 
gorges.     East  Tenn.     May. 

*J].  Pavia  L.     Prospect  Station,  Giles  Co.,  Tenn. 

Cardiospeinuiin  Halicacabiiiii   L.     Waste  places arotmd  dwell- 
ings.    June-September. 

Stapliylea  tril'olia  L.      Thickets  in  rich,  m()i>t  >'.il.      Aj.ril. 

AXACAKDIACE.E. 

Rhus  typliiiia  L.     Hillsides.     June. 

R.  glabra  L.      Poor  soils  and  deserted  farmlands.     .Inne. 

R.  COpallina  L.     Hills  and  rocky  siliceous  soils.     July. 

E,.  venenata  DC.     Swampy  or  boirgy  lands,  especiallv  in  tin- 
mountains.     June. 

R.  Toxicodeudrum  L.     In  all  woodland.-.     June. 
R.  aromatiea  x4.it.  Limestone  regions  of  Middle  Tenn.    April- 
May. 

leguminosj:. 

Lupinus  perennis  L.     Rich  hillsides,   I)uckto\vn,  East  Tenn. 
(Smelting  works  at  Hiwassee.)      May. 

Crotolaria   sagittalis    L.       Sandy   soil.     Tnllahonia.     Panidi^e 
ridge.     June-July. 

Trifoliiiiii  arvense  L.     Old  fichl-  and  pastni-.>.     Joh.-.lniv . 
T.   prateiise   L.      Largely    cnltival.d    and    lVr(|uentlv  s|M.nta- 
ueous.     July. 

T.  reflexuin    I^.      Cedar   ban-ens,   rocky   hill>  along    1- laiiKlin 
pike,  Nashville.     April-May. 

T.  repeilS  L.      Common  everywhere.      Ma\  . 

T.  procundxMls  L.      Very  abundant    over  the  whole  State,  in 
old  fields  and  pastures.      May. 

^yE^culus  Hippocastanum    L.     Is  sunietim«vs  phmiiMl   l.nt   .ntin-lv 
unadapted  to  our  climate. 


34  TENNESSEE    FEORA. 

T.  stol(Hiii'eruni  Michx.  Fouiul  in  one  locality  where  reflexuni 
ai)onmls  (Kranklin  ])ike).  It  is  perhaps  only  a  form  of  reflexnm 
or  a  hybrid.     May- J  line. 

Melilotlius  alba  Lam.  Around  dwellings,  vacant  town  lots 
and  grass  plots  in  Nasliville.     June-July. 

M.  offirinalis  Willd.     Waste  grounds.     May- June. 

Mediea^'o  lupiilina  L.  Grass  plots  in  Nashville,  Capitol 
grounds.     June. 

M.  sativa  L.     Occasionallv  cultivated,  becoming  naturalized. 
July. 

Psoralea  Onobrychis  Xutt.  Paradise  ridge,  etc.  l^ot  frequent. 
June. 

P.  nielilotoides  Michx.    Hills  around  Nashville.     May-June. 

P.  subaeaiilis  Torr.  &  Gray.  Cedar  glades  and  rocky  hills 
around  Nashyille.     April-May. 

Balea  alopecuroides  Willd.  Frequent  in  West  Tenn.  July- 
August. 

Petalostemoii  violaceus  Michx.  Davidson's  farm,  in  a  cedar 
glade  on  the  Charlotte  pike,  near  Nashville.     June. 

P.  caiididus  Michx.  Near  tunnel  at  Cowan;  also  Paradise 
ridge  near  Nashville.     July. 

P.  foliosns  Nutt.  Frequent  in  the  cedar  glades  around  Nash- 
ville.    July. 

P.  decumbens  Nutt.  Lavergne,  Trabue's  place  on  Mill  creek, 
near  Nashville,  and  other  points  in  the  cedar  barrens.  A  white 
variety  occurs  at  Lavergne.     June. 

Aiiiorpha  fruticosa  L.  Banks  of  Cumberland  river,  Nash- 
ville, etc.     May. 

A.  Tennessiensis  ^\\\\ii\\\ .  High  mountains  of  East  Tenn.  and 
on  tlie  banks  of  mountain  streams.  Parksville,  Polk  Co.;  Wolf 
creek,  Coke  Co.     A.  fruticosa   var.    Caroliniana  S.  Watson.  Syn. 

Robinia  Pseudaeacia  L.     Rich  soil,  O.  S.     April-May. 

R.  hispida  L.  Lookout  Mts.,  Chattanooga.  Specimens  flow- 
erini;-  when  only  a  span  high  are  found  near  summit.  (R.  hisp. 
var.  nana  Elliott.)      May. 

Wistaria  frutescens  DC.  Low  bottoms  and  banks  of  Cum- 
berland river,  CockrilFs  bend.     April-May. 


'rKNNESSEK   ri.<»i;A.  35 

Tephi'osia  Vir^iniana  l\rs.     Drv,  siliceous  soils;    uak   bar- 
rens ;  common.     .lunc. 

T.  spicata  Torr.cV  (iray.      In  .simc  localities  with   tlic  rorim  r. 
June-July. 

Astra^-alus  Canadensis  !..     ('litl>  alonu  ( 'iimlxrland  an<l  otli.  r 
streams.     Jiine-fJuly. 

A.  earyocai'pns  Kerr.     Cedar  glades  mar  stati(.n  fit  liavcrLMic. 
April. 

A.  Plattensis  Nutt.  var.  Tennessiensis  ( iray.      \  Cry  «nmmon 
in  the  lijiiestone  region  of  Middle  Tenn.      April-Mav. 

Stylosantlies  elatior  Swartz.     Argillaceous  and  silicc()u>  >oil>. 
Harpeth  hills,  East  Tenn  ;  frerpient.      August. 

Desniodium  acuminatum  DC.     Rich  woodland-,     duly. 

D.   Canadense  DC.      Cumberland    Mts.  ;  apparently    rare   in 
Tennessee.     Cowan.     July. 

D.  canescens  DC.     Highlands   of  Middle  Tenn.      duly-Au- 
gust. 

D.  ciliare  DC.     Barrens.     July- August. 

D.  cuspidr.tum  Hook.    Siliceous  formation.     Kidgetop.    duly- 
August. 

D.  Dillenii  Darl.     Very  common.     duly-August. 

D.  humifusuni  Beck.     Greenbrier,  Kidgctop,  etc.      Highlands. 
July— August. 

D.  la'vigatum  DC.      With  the  former.      Harjteth  hills.    duly- 
August. 

D.  Mai'ilandirum    lioott.      Cedar  and   oak    barrens.      August- 
September. 

1).  nudifloi'um  DC.     liich  w.)ods.     duly-Augu>t. 

I),  paniculatum    DC.      Terhap-   the   most   common  species   in 
limestone  and  siliceous  st)ils.      August. 

1).  paucitllM'Um  DC.      Deep  ricii  soils  in  shady  gronn.ls.    Har- 
peth hills,  etc.      duly-August. 

I),  rigidum  DC.     Cedar  glades,  Lavcrgnc.      August. 

1).  rotundifolium   DC.     Kocky   woodlands,   hills  near  Na-h- 
ville.      August. 

Var.'^^labratum  Cray.      l*ara<lisc  ridge.      August. 


3<3  tp:x LESSEE  flora. 

D.  sessilitoliuiii  Torr.  &  Gray.  Along  railroad,  Mitchellville, 
Simmer  Vo.,  etc.     August. 

D.  vii'idifioiiiiii  Beck.  Siliceous  formation.  Kingston  Springy 
South  Tunnel,  etc.     August. 

Les]KHleza  repens  Bart.     Argillaceous  soils. 

Var.  pi'ocumbcns  Michx.    In  rocky  cedar  glades  ;   appears  to 
be  a  distinct  variety.     July. 

L.  vi()lacea  Pers.     With  the  former.     July-August. 

I>espe(leza  reticulata  Persh.  Barrens  of  Middle  Tenn.,  Har- 
])etli  hills.     Aurust. 

L.  reticulata,  var.  augnstifolia  Maxim.  Cedar  glades.  July- 
August. 

L.  stuvei  Xutt.  Highlands  of  Middle  Tenn.  August-Sep- 
tember. 

L.  capitata  Michx.  Oak  barrens  at  Tullahoma.  July-Au- 
gust. 

L.  hii'ta  Ell.     Siliceous  formation.     July-August. 

L.  striata  Hook.  Over  the  whole  State.  Strictly  avoiding 
limestone  soils.  Occurs  in  the  remotest  parts  of  the  country  and 
has  been  collected  by  me  thirty  years  ago  in  East  Tenn.  It  vir- 
tually carpets  the  ground. 

Vicia  iVuiericana  Miihlb.  Thickets,  vicinitv  of  Nashville,  etc. 
May. 

V.  niicrautha  Xutt.     Copses  and  ^Yoods.     April-May. 

V.  Caroliuiana  Walt.  Highlands  of  Middle  Tenn.,  but  rare. 
Common  in  East  Tenn.     May. 

Rliynchosia  touientosa  Hook.  Dickson  Co.  Erequent  in  the 
gravelly  hills  of  lower  East  Tenn.     July. 

Phaseolus  paucitlorus  Benth.  Imperfect  specimens  from  near 
lunatic  asylum,  Xashville. 

Apios  tuberosa  Mcench.  Bottom  lands  in  moist  thickets. 
August-September. 

Phaseolus  diversifolius  Fersoon.  Cumberland  Mts.  June-Sep- 
tember. 

Ph.  helvolus  L.  Very  common  in  the  barrens.  June-Sep- 
tember. 

Ph.  perennis  Walt.     Brownsville,  West  Tenn.     August. 


I  i;nm:ssi:i:   ii.(»k  a 


Clitoriil  Mui'iailU  L.  iMar^^iii  «.r  llii«-krt>  ami  ill  l)arr«i».-. 
JiiiK'-July. 

('enti'oscma  Vir^iniana  ImiuIi.  Div,  ojhii  <:la(l«'- ami  liarnMi--. 
Jinic-Scpiciiihcr. 

Ampliicarpa'a  inoiioica  Nuit.  Ui.li,  (iamj>  \\.)«Mllaii.U.  Au- 
giist-Septcinlx'i'. 

(ilalactia   in(»liis    Midix.       (\>inin<>ii  in  all  ixlado.- ami   harn-n-. 

May-S('}>ti'inl)('r. 

(«.  pil(Ksa  FJliott.     While  Lliitl",  l)i<-k-(.ii  ('.).     N-a  i:r<.     .Inly. 

Baptisia  australis  U.  r>i-.  C.dai-  ulado  at  LavrrLNw.  .lum- 
July. 

B.  alhn  lil.  Bv.  Cameron  hill.  ( "iiMiiaiio.Mja  :  Mt--.  of  Ka-t 
Tenn.;  Ducktowii.     Jimc-Jiilv. 

B.  tindona  R.  l]r.     Mt.s.  of  Hast  r.im.     Lockout  Mi.     .Inly. 

T/iennopsis  fraxinifolia  M.  A.  Curtis.  RcL^ion  of  coi.j.cr 
mines,  East  Tenn.     May-June. 

*Tli.  Caroliiiiana  M.  A.  Curtis.  Mountains  alonir  ()';«»e  riv.T, 
East  Tenn.,  and  also  frequent  on  summit  of  IIar|)«'ih  rnli:*' ami 
Paradise  ridge.     May. 

riadi'astis  finctoi'ia  llaf.  Hills  south  (»f  Nashville.  Vn-vs 
attaining  three  feet  diameter,  but  never  otherwise  than  hollow. 
May-June. 

Cei'cis  Canadensis  I.,     iiieh  hillsid.-s.     March-  April. 

Cassia  Marylandica  L.  lioUom  laud>and  f.-n.-.-mu-.  .Itilv- 
Augnst. 

C.  Tora  L.      River  bottoms,  low  mar-hy  grouiuN.      -Inly. 

C.  CluTniiHCrista  C.  Suimy  .-xpoMircs  in  «^audy  -nil.  .luly- 
Angust. 


*  Therm^WHi.^  CarMniana  M.  Curtis,  is  a  slrikmi:  mstaneo  of  disirihii- 
tion  of  species  in  wi.ldv  .hstMnt  cloni^^H.  I  lirsi  noliccil  iho  plant  ni  tho 
central  ran^-e  of  the  Bi-Frn^Mts.,neartl>e  copper  mmes at  I)ucktoxvn.h^».-*t 
Tenn  ,  in  ISGO,  in  soils  dcrivc.l  from  qnart/ite.s  and  l)lack  routmfj  f.lato.>. 
in  numbers,  hut  not  irenenilly  dissenunatci  over  the  reiinm.  Ap.m  1 
came  upon  it,  in  ISTO.On  the  n.p  «>f  the  nd^es  wh.ch  encrdo  Y^hv.lle. 
These  rid^resare  capped  with  .silicc<,us  chcru-.  winch  n-.-l  on  llie  bluck 
Devonian  shale. 


;i8  TKNNFSSEK    FLORA. 

('.  iiictitans  L.      W'ith  the  former.     July-August. 

(iyiiinocladiis  Canadensis  Lam.  Hill-sides  in  rich  soil,  vicin- 
ity ot'  Nashville;  also  in  Upper  East  Tenn.     April. 

(ileditschia  triacantlios  F..  Over  the  State,  especially  in  the 
lilades.      June. 

^'.  ,iioit(j.spenna  Walt.  In  the  cy])ress  swamps  and  along 
sti-cains  in  West  Tenth      July. 

Schraukia  au^ustata  Torr.  v&Gray.  Open,  dry  glades  and  hill- 
sides, East  and  Middle  Tenn.     June-August. 

Sch.  II, 1 1  N((f  a  WiWd.    Near  Brownsville,  AVest  Tenn.     August. 

Desniautliiis  braehylobus  Benth.  Very  frequent  in  the  cedar 
glades.     July. 

ROSACEJE. 

Pl'unilS  Americana  L.  Shrub  or  tree,  common  in  rich  and 
poor  lands.      March. 

P.  Chickasaw  Michx.  Formingsraall  thickets  of  circular  out- 
line, oldest  in  the  center,  young  ones  on  the  outskirts;  also  in 
fence-corners,  etc.     March. 

P.  Chickhsaw-Americana.  Popularly  known  as  "Wild  Goose 
Plum."     Frequent  in  Middle  Tenn. 

P.  spinosa  L.  A{)parently  introduced  and  cultivated  on  Hills- 
borough pike,  twelve  miles  west  of  Nashville.     April. 

P.  Virginiana  L.  Mountains  of  East  Tenn.,  especially  on 
the  higher  ones.      May. 

P.  serotina  Ehrh.      In  rich  uplands  over  the  State.     June. 

P  Pcnasylvanica  L.  Mountainous  districts  and  high  ridges 
of  East  Tenn.  On  Clingman-Dom,  5000',  occurs  a  variety  with 
narrow  lanceolate  leaves.     May-June. 

P.  Pci'sica  Benth.  &  Hooker.  The  peach  is  often  found  wild 
in  woods  and  hedges.     March-April. 

Ncillia  opnlifolia  E.  Kockv  river  banks,  mouth  of  Mill  creek, 
near  Nashville.     May. 

Spiraea  Aruncus  L.     Rich,  moist  woodlands  here  and  there. 


une. 


J 

S.  tomentosa  L.     In  swampy  regions  of  the  highlands  (Fount- 
ainhead,  Sumner  Oo.).     Julv 
S. 


tenxp:ssk!-:  fi.oka.  39 

Oilleuia  trifoliata  Mociidi.  \l\rU  \vn(Ml>.  r>i).cially  in  tin- 
eastern  part  ol'  the  Stale      Jul  v. 

(i.  stipulacea  Xutl.      liich  woods,  hilU  vi<-initv  i^i'  Na.sliville. 

June-July. 

Agl'iinouia  Kupatoria  I..     Common.     .Inly -Scpti  inber. 

A.  parvillora  Ait.  Prevalent  in  MidJI**  'l\nn.,  and  very 
abundant.     July-Augu.st. 

Geuiii  albuiii  Smel.  Bordc  rs  (;t'  woods  ovir  tiie  State.  May- 
July- August. 

G.  vernuill  Torr.  &  Gray.     Common.      March-April. 

G.  geniculatum  Michx.  High  Mts.  of  EastTenn.  Uoane  Ml. 
Prof.  Chickering.     August. 

G.  radiatnm  Michx.      Roane  Mt.      Prof,  ("hiekering. 

Waldsteinia  fragarioides  Tratt.  Mountains  of  East  Tcnn., 
Ocoe  valley.     June-July. 

Potentilla  Caiiadensis  L.     Dry,  barren  fields.     May-July. 

P.  Slipiua  L.  Near  Hiekman  and  Johnsonville.  \V<-t  T.iui. 
Moist  ground.     July-August. 

F.  tridentata  Ait.     Sumnjit  of  Little  Frog  Mt.,  East  Tt-un. 

Fra^aria   Virginiaiia    Duchesne.      Borders    of    woods,   etc 

March-April. 

var.  lIlilKHlsis  Gray.      In  the  cedar  glades  of  Middh.'  Tenu. 
April-May. 

F.  vesca  L.     Open  woodlands  and  rocky  places. 

F.  Illdica  \j.  Adv.     ( )ld  graveyard,  Nashville.      May-Jnuc. 

Riibm  odoratds  L.  Higher  Mts.  of  East  Tenn.  and  the 
adjoiuing  gorges  ;  along  Ocoe  river,  above  I'arksvillc  ;  \V\i:  Froi; 
Mt.     June. 

R.  Caiiadeiisls  h.  Over  the  State,  but  more  tVcipicnlly  in  the 
Cumberland  and  Alleghany  Mts.      May. 

R.  oecideutalis    L.      Hillsides  and  wc-tllands.      duly. 

R.  stri^(>siis  Michx.  Woods  and  copses.  More  common 
around  Nashville  than  the  former.     June. 

R.  villosus  Ait.      bV'iice-rows  and  wa-tc  ground-.      .lune. 
var.  fiMMubjsus  (iray  and 
var.    iMimifusus   (Jray    arc    frccpicntlv    m.  i    with;    al-.    tlu 


40  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

varit'tv  with  white  fruit  occurs  here  and  there.  (Cleveland,  East 
Tenn.) 

R.  ciiueifolins  Pursh.     In  sandy  and  siliceous  soils. 

R.  ti'ivialis  Michx.     Sandy  soils,  common.     April-May. 

K.  liispidus  L.  Wet  and  swampy  localities;  highlands  and 
Mts.     June. 

Rosa  Carolina  L.  Low  grounds  and  river  swamps;  Nash- 
ville, etc.     June-July. 

R.  liiiiiiilis  Marsh.    Rocky  river  banks  and  cedar  glades.   May. 

R.  sefi^era  Michx.,  var.  tomentosa  Torr.  &  Gray.  Abundant 
in  the  barrens  of  Middle  Tenn.     May. 

R.  rubi^inosa  L.     Roadsides  and  old  fields.     June. 

R.  braefeata  Wendel.  Old  homesteads  and  hedges;  Xolins- 
ville  pike,  six  miles  from  Nashville.     June-July. 

R.  pinipiiiellifolia  L.  Introduced  by  early  settlers;  confined 
to  old  homesteads.     July.     (Col.  Prosser's  farm). 

B.  canina  L.  is  credited  to  East  Tenn.,  but  has  never  been 
found  by  me. 

Crataegus  coccinea  L.  From  the  summit  of  the  Smoky  Mts. 
to  the  lowlands  of  West  Tenn.     April. 

('.  eordata  Ait.      Rocky  glades  around  Nashville.     May. 

C.  Crns  Galli  L.     Common.     May. 

var.  ovalitblia  Lindl.     With  the  former.     May. 

€.  flava  Ait.,  var.  piibescens  Gray.  Copses,  Middle  Tenn. 
April. 

C.  Pyracautha  Pers.      Low  meadow  near  Hydt's  ferry.    May. 

0.  siibvillosa  Schrader.  Low  tree  or  shrub,  attaining  a  trunk 
of  diameter  of  18'.     A'^icinity  of  Nashville,  in  rich  soil.     April. 

C.  tomentosa  L. 
var.  pyrifolia  Gray.     Thickets  around  Nashville. 
var.  punctata  Jacq.     With  the  former.     April-May. 

Pyrus  Americana  DC.  Summit  of  Smokv  Mts.  Clingman- 
Dom,  6000'.     July. 

P.  sambueiJoUa  Chevn.  &  Schlecht.  Cultivated  in  a  garden 
in  Winchester,  Franklin  Co.     Not  in  the  mountains! 

P.  an^ustifolia  Ait.  Middle  and  East  Tenn.  Bon  Air, 
Dickson  Co.     Ajiril. 

i 


TKNNESSEK    KI,<)RA.  41 

P.  arbutifoUa  L.  Mountain  1)(»<:-,  ( "inulx-ilaml  and  Allc^'lia- 
uies.     May, 

\SiV.  melanocarpd.  KUiol.      Laiir.-l  tliickcts.  Scwanc*-.     Mav. 

P.  Coi'Oliai'ia  J..  Hariu'th  hill^.  n.ar  .liid-jr  .Inlm  M.  Ixie's 
farm,  at  tlie  foot  of  the  hills.      Mardi-A  pril. 

Amektncluer  Canadensis  Toir.  i\j  (Jrav.  j-'idni  ilu-  hi^h 
mountains  to  the  valleys  of 'J\'nn('s<('('  river.      .\|»ril. 

var.   H()tl'yapilini    Wilhl.       S\vani)is   of    \\'(-t    and     Middle 
Tenn.     April-May. 

8AXIFliA(;A(KJ:. 

Ribes  Cyiiosbati  L.  At  the  educ  of  a  «'edar  iilade  near  For- 
sterville. 

B.  I'otundifoUum  Miehx.  Sunnnit  of  K(tan<'  and  Sni<.k\  Mt-. 
June. 

Itcea  Virglnica  L.  Mts.  of  East  Tenn.  and  ey])r<--  >\vanijt> 
of  West  Tenn.     July. 

Hydrangea  arborescens  L.  J^lidK-alonir  ('nndx-rland  and  other 
streams.     June- July. 

\{\Y.  cor  data  Torr.   (Sz  (iiay.      Iwinks  of  ( )('0(    river,  ahove 
Parksville,  East  Tenn.     July. 

H.  radiata  Walter.  Cataraet  at  Tnllahoina  :  ( 'uniherlan*! 
Mts.,  ahove  Sewanee ;  summit  of  J^ookout  Mt.     dune-July. 

Decumaria  barbara  L.      Koeks  aloni;- ( )<'oe  river.     June. 

Philadel])llllS  birsutllS  Xutt.  Clilfs  on  ("umheiland  river: 
ascent  of  ridge  at  Baker's  station.      May. 

Parnassia  Caroliniana  Miehx.  Cninherland  and  Alh-u:hany 
Mts.     May-June. 

P.  aKarifol'ia,  Vent.     Big  Frog  Mt.,  l^ast  Tenn. 

Astilbe  decandra'Don.  Damp  woods,  especially  in  the  mount- 
ains.    July. 

Saxifraga  Vir^^nuiensis  Mielix.  i*'rom  the  mountain-  to  W  est 
Tenn.     Mareh-April. 

S.  Carejjana  Gray.  Roane  Mi.  Fr<d'.  Chiekering.  W'm. 
Oanby.     July-August. 

S.  erosa  Pursh.  F>ed  <d'  \\'(dl*  ei-.ek  and  adjoining  F.eiieh 
Mt. ;   Roane  Mt.      ( 'hi';kering. 

S.  leucanthemifolia.      Boane  Mt.     Cldekering.      Big  Frog  Ml. 


42  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

Bmjkinia  acomfifoUa  Xiitt.     Smoky  Mts.     July. 

Heiicliera  Aiiiericaua  L.     Vicinity  of  Nashville.     May. 

H.  villosa  Michx.  Mts.  of  East  Tenn.;  Cumberland  Mts.  ; 
Cliffs  on  Cumberland  and  highlands  of  Middle  Tenn.  Varies  in 
size  of  Howers,  outline  and  pubescence  of  leaves. 

Jlitella  diphylla  L.  Shady  glens  in  moist  ground,  valleys  and 
Mts.  of  Cumberland  and  Alleghanies.     June. 

Chrj/sosp/enium  Americanam  Schwein.  Moist,  shady  ground 
along  (3coe  river ;  near  Mundi's  blufP.     April. 

CRASSULACE^E, 

Sedum  Xevii  Gray.  On  argillaceous  shists  and  siliceous  con- 
glomerate, Parksville,  Polk  Co.     May. 

S.  palehelluni  Michx.  Covering  large  tracts  of  open,  rocky- 
glades  in  Middle  Tenn.      May. 

aS'.  Rhadiola  DC.     Roane  Mt.     Chickering. 

*S'.  telephioides  Michx.     Mts.  of  East  Tenn.     Chickering. 

8.  teriiatuni  Michx.  Shady,  rocky  places  over  the  State.. 
April-May. 

Dlaniorpha  pusllla  ^ntt.  High  rocky  places  in  the  vicinity 
of  Sewanee  and  on  Lookout  Mt.     May. 

Pentboriim  sedoides  L.  Ditches  and  pools.  Common.  July- 
October. 

HAMAMELIACE.^. 

Hamaiiielis  Vir^inica  L.  Shrub,  flowering  often  in  midwinter. 
On  the  summit  of  Big  Thunderhead  I  found  it  a  low  tree  of 
twenty-five  feet  high,  with  a  trunk  of  eighteen  inches  diameter 
(6000'). 

Liquidanibar  Styracifliia  L.     Low  grounds.     May. 
HALORAGEJE. 

Myriophyllum  verticiilatiim  L.     Tullahoma  creek,  Tullahoma. 

Proserpiiiaca  palustris  L.     Swampy  lands,  ditches.     May. 

P.  pectiuacea  Lam.  Swamps  in  the  oak  barrens,  ditches 
along  railroad  embankments,  etc.     Ma  v. 


'I'KNNKSSKK    !'I()I?A.  4d 

MKI.AS'l'()MA(i:.K. 

Rliexia  Vir^inica  L.     Low  wci  lauds.     ( "omuion.     .Inlv. 

R.  Mii/'idiKi    \j.      Low    Lii'otiiids   ill  tln'   oak    barn-iis.      .Iiiih- 

LVl'IlIiACKJ:/^^ 

Rotala  rainosior  Iv(L'line  (Aimiiannia  luimilis  Michx).  I5or- 
ders  of  ditelu's  and  swarnps.      .Iuly-S<'j)t<'ml)cr. 

Amuiaiinia  cocoinea  Uoitho'lL  With  the  foniK-r.  Ila- l)con 
distributed  by  me  as  "Ainniaiuiia  latifolia." 

Peplis  (liaudra  Xiitt.  (.A/miHdiuid.  Xii(f<i/iii  (trA\  ].  >waiii|»- 
along  rivers,  etc.     July-September. 

Lythrum  alatum  Piirsh.  Borders  of  spi-iiiL,^-  and  livulets, 
near  Cleveland,  East  Tenn.     Jidy. 

Clipluea  petiolata  K(ehne.  (Ciiplt.  risntsissinm  .]:u-i^.)  Aii-ju-t- 
September. 

DecocJo)iverticill(fti(s  FA\.  [Xcsmi  v€r(ici//(((<i  II.  15.  Kj.  Wat- 
ers of  Barren  fork  of  Caney  fork,  near  Nicholson  springs. 
August. 

OX  AG  R  ACE. K. 

Oirca?a  Lutetiaiia  E.      Moist  woodlands.      May—lune. 

C.  aJpina  L.     Summit  of  Smoky  Mts.  ;   Koane  Mt. 

Gaum  biennis  L.     Cumberland  Mts.     .Iuly-Augu>t. 

G.  Jiiipcs  S\y<ich.     Chattanooga,  Dr.  Engclmaiiu. 

Jussijea  deciirreiis  1)C\     Moist  meadows,  etc.     .Inly-August. 

J.  repeilS  E.  Swamps  in  Cockrill's  beml,  below  Xa-«ljville. 
June. 

Epilobimil  eoloratmil  Muhlb.  Woodlands,  eommon.  July- 
September. 

(P^nothera  biennis  L.     W  aMe  lichls.     \'arir>  .jrtaily. 

var.  irrandillora  is  eouuuou  around  Nasliville.      June-S-p- 
tcmber. 

(E.  fnitieosa  E.     (  ).  S.      Kakcr's  >taiinu.  on  th.-  rid^gr.  ^   .Inly, 
var.  hirsuta  Xutt.      In  tlir  poor,  chcriy  >oils  of  Ha>t  Tmn.  ; 
Cleveland,  Bradley  Co.     July. 


^I  adopt  the  revision  of  Lythnwcje  by  K.  K'«ehne,  vide  n-f  On- .  vt:l. 


X.  no.  o. 


44  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

<K.  r/Iauca  Michx.     Lookout  Mt.,  Chattanooga.     June. 

(E.  pumila  L.  Mts.  of  East  Tenn. ;  valley  of  Ocoe  river. 
June.     Also  at  Tuliahoma. 

(E.  sinuata  L.     Near  Hydt^s  ferry,  Nashville.     June. 

(E.  speciosa  Nutt.  Introduced  on  vacant  lots  in  Nashville. 
June. 

(E.  triloba  Xutt.  Frequent  on  pasture  lands  around  Nash- 
ville.    June -July. 

Liuhvi^ia  alteruifolia  L.     Swampy  places.     June-July. 

/..  hirtelld  Kaf.  Oak  barrens  at  Tuliahoma;  Paradise  ridge. 
July. 

L.  linearis  Walt.  Bogs,  in  the  oak  barrens  and  on  the  high- 
lands.    June-September. 

L.  palustris  Ell.     Ponds  and  ditches.     July-August. 

L.  polycarpa  Short  &  Peter.    With  the  former.    June-August. 

CUCURBITACEiE. 

Echinocystis  lobata.     Torr.  &  Gray.      Tuliahoma.     July. 

Sicyos  an^nlatus  L.     Hedges  and  thickets.     July. 

Melothi'ia  pendula  L  Cedar  glades  and  hillsides.  July- 
September. 

Ti'iaiiosperiiia  Boykiiiii  Roem.  Found  by  Prof.  Lester  F. 
\\"ard,  August,  1877,  on  the  banks  of  Cumberland,  above  Nash- 
ville.    I  iiave  never  succeeded  in  finding  the  plant. 

PASSIFLORACE^E. 
Passiflora  lutea  L.     Thickets,  common.     June-September. 

P.  iiiearnata  L.  Dry  soil,  cultivated  grounds.  A  bad  weed. 
May-September. 

CACTACEiE. 

Opuntia  Rafinesquii  Engelm.  Sunny  exposures  in  rocky 
glades.     Mav-June. 

FICOIDE.F.. 

Mollugo  verticillata  L.  A  weed  in  fields  and  on  roadsides. 
May-Septem  be  r. 


iMi;i:i.Mi'i:i:.i:. 

Ciinil)('!-l:ni<l  river.      Mav. 

H.  mnlK^llata   L.       Ditdus  u.ar  llydiV  i;  riv.      .\la\ 

Saiiicula  Canadensis  L.    ().  S.    More  jncvalcut  in  I.a~ 
nessee.     Jniic-Aiiirust. 

S.  Marylandica  L.     Moist  woodlands.     JuiK'-Aii«:iist. 

Eryn^-iuni  yncca'foliiiin  Michx.  Dry  liarnn-  <  ).  S.  hnr  no- 
where numcroiis.     Julv. 

E.  prodratnin  Xiitt.  Woods  near  IJrowii-villr,  West  Tenn. 
August. 

DaucilS  Carota  L.  Introdutcd  ami  ra})idlv  spn-adlni;.  It 
grows  more  luxuriantly  in  East  Tennessee  than  at  home  in 
Europe.     June- July. 

Polytjenia  Nuttallii  DC.     i^iradise  ridge.     May. 

Herac/eum  lanatiim  Michx.  Bii^  Frog  Mt.,  Polk  C'<»..  East 
Tenn.,  4000'  alt.     June. 

Pastinaea  sativa    Ij.      Apparently  escapee]    fmni    niark«  • 
dens;   not  met  with  otherwise. 

Arclieniora  I'i^ida  DC.     Rich  woodlands.     August. 

Angelica  Ciirtisii  Buekl.     Roane  Mt.     Chickering. 

Arcliangeliea  liirsnta  Torr.  ^V:  (J ray.  Dry  l)arrens;  cuminon. 
June-July. 

Coriandnini  sativum  L.     Intro<liiee(l.    Anuind  dwellings  and 

gardens,  Xashville.     June-July. 

Ligusticum  (tvtivlfolinin  Miehx.  Cumberland  Mi-.,  f  .,.I...in 
Mt.,  Roane  Mt.     duue-July. 

Tliaspium  bai'hinode  Xutt.  River  hanks  and  tliiek.i>.  May- 
June. 

Th.  aureuni  Xutt.      Woodlands,      ('ommoii.      .Iun«'. 
Th.  tl'iloliatuni  (Jray.      With  the  i'nrnu'r.      dune-.Iuly. 

Zizia  integerviina  DC.  Mountains  ot"  Ma-t  Tenn..  r.speeially 
the  higher  ones.      June-July. 

Bupleuruni  rotnndil'oliuni  L.  l>ry  hilU  eontigunus  to  the 
citv  of  Xashville  (Fort  Xaigele)  ;  also  in  the  eedar  glades  on  tlu- 
Lebanon  pike.     May-June. 


46  TEN  NESS  ep:  feora. 

Discopleura  capilhicea  Xutt.    Some  specimens  on  the  grounds 
of  the  Motgomerv-Bell  Academy.      Introchiced. 

D.  Xiittalli   l^C.     Dam])  woods  vicinity  of  Cleveland,  East 
Tenn.     July. 

Ciciita  iiiaculata  L.     Along  streams.     July. 

CryptotaMiia  Canadensis  DC.     Common  in  low,  damp  woods. 
June-September. 

CliaciM^phyllum  Tainturieri  Hooker.     Yery  abundant  in  Mid- 
dh"  Tenn.      April-May. 

rii.  proenmbens  L.     Rich,  moist  woods,  Nashville.     April. 
Osniorrliiza  lou^istylis  DC.    Rich  woodlands      May-June. 

Eiilophus  Americanus  Xutt.     Thickets  along  Charlotte  pike  ; 
also  on  Murfreesborough  pike.     May-June. 

Eri^eni  I  bulbosa  Xutt.    Rich  woodlands.    Common.    March- 
April. 

ARALIACE^. 

Aralia  spinosa  L.     Very  copious  in  the  glades  of  Middle 
Tenn.      July. 

A.  racemosa  L.     Highlands  of  Middle  Tenn. ;    hills  along 
Charlotte  pike,  twelve  miles  north  of  Xashville.     June. 

A.  hispida  Michx.     Mountains  of  East  Tenn.;    DuclUown. 
June. 

A.  nudicaulis  L.     Cumberland  Mts.,  near  Sewanee.     June- 
July. 

A.  (luinquefolia  Decaisne  &  Planchon.     Rich  woods  over  the 
S-tate,  but  everywhere  rare.    Harpeth  hills,  near  Xashville.    July. 

CORNACE^. 

Cornns  florida  L.     In  all  localities.     March-xApril. 

G.  alternifolia  L.     East  Tenn. 

C.  stolonifera  Miehx.     Banks  of  rivers  and  streams.     May. 

C.  asperifolia  Michx.     Copses  and  dry  ground.     May-June. 

C.  sei'icea  L.     Wet  places.     Common.     May. 

Nyssd    Caroliniana   Poir.       Along   mountain    streams.    East 
Tenn.  ;  Parksville;  also  Hollow  Rock,  West  Tenn.     May. 


'I  K N  N  Khh i: K    I  1 . ( » 1 :  A  .  47 

N.  imiltiflora  Wander.  ().  S.,  csncciallv  in  tin-  l»:irr.  n-. 
April-May. 

N.  unifloi'a  Walt.  Swampy  laii.l-  <.ii  Taiadisc  rid^r.  Wc-ht 
Tenn.      April. 

CAIMMMI-OIJACKJ-:. 
Saiiibiicus  Caiia^leiisis  L.     W  a>t<-  pla(  ( >. 

A'ihnrinim  Opuliis  L.  Discrtid  liomr.stcad.s.  'Ihc  cultivated 
variety  only. 

V.  aGerijoliuni  \j.  ( 'iniihcrland  and  A  ll(«:lianv  Mt-.  .Mav- 
Jiine. 

T".  hintanoidc.s  Michx.      i\I()nntain>  ol"  l']a>t  Tenn.      .]\\\\. 

V.  iHldlllU  L.  Swajiipy  lands  in  the  luirrcns  and  in  (lie  iiiniini- 
ains.     May-June. 

V.  pninii'oliiiin  Ti.     Dry  irronnd.     Small  trt-c.      May. 

Tl'iosteiiiil  peiroliatuin  L.  I^x.i  of  ihc  monntaius  at  C'(»\\an. 
May- June. 

Syniphoricarpus  vulgaris  Mi<h.\.  Kocky  Lnnund.  A  low 
bush.     July. 

Loiiicera  seinpei'viiri'S  L.  \\'(»(>d>  and  barrens,  climljinL' 
hio^h.     June-Auo-ust. 

L.  Sullirantii  Gray.  ^lountains  of  East  Tenn.  \'iili(iray 
Flora,  vol.  1,  2,  p.  17. 

Dieri'ilUi  irijida  Ma'uch.  ( 'undx-rland  and  All(i:lian\  Mi-. 
June-August. 

D.  sessilifolia  Jienklcy.  Summit  (d'  Lookout  Mt.,  along 
brooklets;  Lula  falls,     dune-duly. 

RUIUACE.E. 
Houstonia  CdTulea  L.      Moist.  ..pin   Lnound.      April-An^msi. 
H.  serpy/ilfolld    INlielix.       CovcrinLr   the   irround    in   tin-   Ingh 
mountains.     July. 

H.  patens  Ell.     (/cdar  l:1;„1,.>,  EavcrLnic      April. 
H.  pui'])Ul'ea  L.      Woodland-  and  copses.      April-May. 
Yar.  loil^ilolia  (Jiay.      I'arr.  ns 
Var.  fdiitifo/i'i  (iray.      M..iintain>  (d"  Ea>t  'IVnn.      .luly. 

H.  an^iistirolia  Midix.  (Vdar  udadcs  :  blulVs  (.n  Cumberland 
river.     May-Julv. 


4.S  Tf:NNES.SEE    FLORA. 

Oklenl(iii(li<t  />Vr// Chapm.    Swamps  near  Tullahoma.     July. 

Ceplialanthus  ocfidentalis  L.  Wet  places.  Common.  July- 
August. 

Mitcliella  repeus  L.     Dry  woodlands.     June-July. 

Speiiiiacoce  ^'labra  Michx.  River  banks.  Very  common. 
August. 

Diodia  Vir^'iiiica  L.  Moist  meadows  ;  river  banks  ;  very  fre- 
qnent  about  Nashville.     June-July. 

D.  teres  Walt.  Sterile  grounds^  old  fields.  Abounds  around 
Xashville.     July. 

Oaliiiin  Apariiie  L.     Waste  grounds.     April-May. 

(t.  vir^'atiiiii  Nutt.  Dry,  sterile  places  in  the  cedar  glades, 
Lavergne.     June. 

G.  pilosiini  Ait.     Dry  copses.     Common.     June-July. 

Gr.  tritiduin  L.     Swampy  meadow  lands.     July-October. 

G.  triflorum  Michx.  Dry  woodlands  ;  copiously  in  the  cedar 
l)arrens.     July. 

(j.  circjezaus  Michx.  Hills  around  Nashville  to  the  mount- 
ains of  East  Tenn.     June-July. 

G.  latifoUum  Michx.  High  mountains  of  East  Tenn.;  Big 
Frog  Mt.     July. 

G.  lanceolatum  Torr.     East  Tenn. 

G.  Arkansanum  Gray.     Johnsonville,  West  Tenn. 

VALERIANACE.^. 
Valeriaiiella  radiata  Dufr.     Glades  and  copses.     April-May. 
V.  Woodsiaiia  Walp. 

Var.  umbilicata  Gray.     Glades  and  pastures.     April-May. 

Var.  patellaria  Gray.     With  the  former. 

DIPSACE.E. 
Dipsacus  sylvestris  Mill.     Waste  grounds.     Common.     July. 

COMPOSIT^E. 

Elephantopus  Carolinian  us  Willd.     Woods.     June-July. 

Vernouia  Nov{eboraceiisis  Willd.  Roadsides  and  open  wood- 
lands.    Augnst-September. 


TENNE8SEI-:    FI.oitA.  49 

r.  Jt<i/(Jiri  nil  Tow.      \\\'<i  'l\im.      Aii^ni-t. 

V.  iiltissiiiia  Xiitt.     Kivcr  bottoms.     August. 

V.  fas cicu lata    Midix.      With    the    fornjcr.        \'rrv    rnmrMMH. 
August. 

Eupatoriuin  inii'per(Miin  L.    Low  ground-.   Cniuinoii.    Aiil'm>i 
ISopteinbcr. 

E.  sei'Otillum  Michx.      Wa-tc    j»la<-(s    in    <-..iiiiii\    .111.1    I, .AM-. 
September-October. 

E.  album  L.      Paradiso  ri(lw;c,  IJolxiison  ( 'o.,  I"]a>l  Trnii.   .luis  - 
August. 

E.  i^eiiiiserrdtuiii   DC.    (E.    ])arvifl()ruiu    I'lUinin.      liarn-us  at 
Tullahoma.     July- August. 

E.  altissinmill  L.      Dry  e()])ses.       Copiously  on    (iiaiiy   Wliite 
pike,  near  Mrs.  Cbeatham's  place.      August-September. 

E.   rotuildifoliuni     L.     Mitcliellville,     'rulla!i«.Mia.     July-Au- 
gust. 

E.  IeiicokplsTovi\iS:ijvi\y.    Ixirreus'd"  Middle  Tt-nu.    August- 
September. 

E.  pei'f'oliatuiii  L.      Low  grounds.     didy-Septeml)er. 

E.  iucai'iiatuiu   Walt.    Glades  and  copses.     August-Si'|>iem- 

ber. 

E.  a^eratoides  Fi.     Rich  woodlands.     ( )v(r  the  State.    Angnst- 
September. 

E.  aromaticaiii  L.      Barrens  at   'I'ullahonia.     July. 

E.  COPlestillUiii  L.     ^NFoist  grounds,     (oiiniion.     (C'onoclinuni 

C(elestinuni  DC.)     Sej)tember. 

Mikaaia  i^candetis  \V\\\(\.     d;.hii-oiivill.  .      W.-?  T.  im 
tember. 

Kulinia  eU|>at(H'i(>i(l«'S  L.      Common.      September. 

Var.  coryinhiilosa   T"' I     A  (Ii.iv.      Vi.iidiv   of  Nashville. 
September. 

Liatrissquarro.sa  Willd.     lliglilaud>.    Cireeubricr,  ii«»berif<on 
Co.     Junc-Jidy. 

i.  sca/'io^'a  Willd.     Mountains  oi' Ka>t    Tenn.      L«»nkt.ut    Mt. 
July. 


50  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

L.  spicata  Willd.     Oak  barrens  of  Middle  Tenn.  to  mountains 
of  Ea-t  Tenn.     July. 

L.  «?i'aniini folia  Pursh.     With  the  former.     July. 

Gi'iinlelia  lanceolata  Nutt.     Cedar  glades  at  Lavergne,  near 
the  station.     July. 

Chnjsopsi^   graminifoJia    Nutt.     Mountain    regions    of    East 
Tenn.     July. 

Oh.  Mariana  Xutt.     In  sandy  soil.     Common.     June-July. 

Solida^o  ctesia  L.     Harpeth   hills,  near  Nashville.     Septem- 
ber. 

Var.  paiiicillata  Gray.     With  the  former.     September. 

S.  latifolia  L.     Rocky  banks  of  Richland  creek,  near  Nash- 
ville.    August-September. 

S.  Curtissii.   var.   pubens.     Roane   Mt.     J.   W.  Chickering. 
August. 

S.  monticola  Torr.  &  Gray.     Clingman-Dom  of  the  Smoky 
Mts.     Roane  Mt.     J.  W.  Chickering. 

S.  bicolor  L.     Kingston   Springs,    Dixon    Co.,    East   Tenn. 
August-September. 

S.   glomerata    Michx.     Clingman-Dom,    6000' ;     Roane    Mt. 
J.  W.  Chickering. 

S.  spithamea,  M.  A.  Curtis;    Roane  Mt.,  J.  W.  Chickering. 
August. 

S.  odora  Ait.     Barrens  and  highlands.     July. 

Si  sppciosa  Xutt.    Highlands,  Greenbrier ;  glades  at  Lavergne. 
August-September. 

Var.  an^ustata  Torr.  &  Gray.     Common  in  siliceous  soils. 
August-September. 

S.  rugosa  Mill.     Highlands  and   barrens.     August-Septem- 
ber. 

8.  ulinifolia   Mtihlb.      With    the    former.      August-Septem 
ber. 

*S'.  arguta  Ait.     Lookout  Mt. ;    Ocoe  region.     August-Sep- 
tember. 

S.  jimcea  X\t.     Oak  barrens  and  woodlands.     August-Sep- 
tember. 


TENNE6SEK    FI.mRa.  J 

'•'S.  (»attin;::<»ri  Chajmi.  n...  >[..  In  ili,.  codar  glades,  m-ar 
railroad  stati(»n  at  Lavcru-nc,  liutlicrtnrd  d,.  Aiigust-Sc»ptem- 
ber. 

S.  sei'otina  Ait.      Fields  and  fence-rows.     S'ptember. 
Yiw.  ^i«»"antea  (Jray.      With  tlir  fnriner. 

S.  Canadensis  L.      Ficdds  and   river  l)aid<^.      \'erv  a.-, .u.i. 

Septeinher. 

Yar.  procei'a  Torr.  ^V  (Jray.      I..,\\,    in,,i>t    meadow   lands. 
September-October. 

S.  patnla  Milhll).  Near  CTa.d)erry  Inm  Works,  Ea.st  Ten ii. 
September.     Mrs.  K.  ].  Britton. 

S.  Sliortii  Torr  v^' (iray.  Jiarrens  at  'rnllahoma.  Abundant, 
with  8.  juncea.     August.     Also  Jion  Air,  l)i(d<son  Co. 

S.   nenioralis    Ait.       Abundant    in    all    udade^    an<l    l)arren>. 

August-Scptend)cr. 

S.  corynibosa  Ell.  I^><»n  A(|ua  station,  Diekx.n  Co.,  Tulla- 
boma.     August-September. 

S.  lanceolata  L.  Highlands.  Fountainliead.  Kobrrtison  Co. 
August. 

S.  rnpestris  Kaf.      Cliffs  facing  Cumherland  river.       AultuM. 

BrachycliJi^ta  cordafa  Torr.  &  Gray.     O.  S.     Septenjber. 

Bellis  inte^rif'olia  Michx.     Copscvs  ajid  l)arrens.     July. 

Boltonia  asteroides  L'Her.  In  a  low  mtadown.;u-  Ilydl's 
Ferry,  Nashville.     September. 

B.  diffnsa  Elliott.  In  wet,  sandy  soil.  Fara»li-'- ridL^e.  Tulla- 
homa.     July. 

^  Solidagn  Gattlvgeri  Chapm.  inod.  Slender,  npripht,  2-4  feet  hijfh  : 
t)ranches and  inflorescence  i)erfe('tly  smooth  and  ^laltroiis:  leaven ciliolauv 
lower  CiUiline  and  radical  lan('eolate-sj)itul.itts  a|»pres.*<ed  .Hi>rndulo.  ohvi- 
•ously  tripli-nerved;  upj)er  canline  mainly  entire  ami  withonl  latentl  ribs, 
oblong  lanceolate  and  an  inch  or  so  lon^.  and  the  upper  redueod  In  hidf 
or  quarter  inch,  but  near  the  inllorescence  very  small  an«l  bract  like; 
racemiform  clusters  of  small  hea<ls  open  and  spreading;,  not  recurv- 
ing, dispensed  to  forminii:  a  corymWiform  verv  naked  paniele:  invojueral 
tracts  obloniT,  very  obtuse,  y«diowish  in  the  dried  plant :  llowerB  l.V'Jtl  in 
the  held.  ravs4-G:  ak(Mies'ai>pres-ed-pul>erulent  or  the  lower  purl  gla- 
brous. S.  M i !<■'*< >iirif'v sis,  var.  pmnila  Chapm.  Fl.  Suppl.  tVJT.  li«Mwoen 
Missourifinsis  aiu]  Short i i  Gr»y.  It  occurs  in  numeron.'*  individutd-  •  - 
a.  coiiple  of  acres  and  is  not  likely  to  be  a  hybrid.  The  a^»«^»riate^l  .-•, 
are  S.  nemorosa  (very  abundant)".  S.  spccio.s».  var.an^u.ntata.  S.  ^p•" 
Canadensis.     First  collected  Septembtr,  1H'.*». 


52  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

Serieocarpus  coiiyzoides  Nees.     Dry,  argillaceous  soils.     July. 
S.  solida^ineus  Nees.     With  the  former.     July. 
Aster  paludosiis  Ait.     Moist  ground  in  the  barrens.     August- 
September. 

^1.  corymbosus  Ait.     Mountain  districts.     Sewanee.     July. 

A.  CH}iii<il  Torr.  &  Gray.  Roane  Mt.  J.  W.  Chickering. 
September. 

A.  obloiig-ilolius  Nutt.  Banks  of  Cumberland  river.  Bluffs 
along  Mill  creek,  near  Nashville.     August. 

A.  eoiicolor  L.     Barrens  at  Tullahoma.     September. 

A.  patens  Ait.     Highlands.     September. 

Yar.  gracilis  Hooker.     With  the  former.     September. 

A.  Shortii  Hooker.  Rich  woodlands  in  the  hills  around 
Nashville.     Septeml)er. 

A.  undulatus  L.  With  the  former.  August-September. 
Lookout  Mt. 

A.  eordifoliiis  L.     Rocky  banks  on  Cumberland  river  and  its 
tributaries.     September. 

A.  Driiniiiioudii  Sindl.     Vicinity  of  Nashville.     September. 

A.  sagittifolius  Willd.  Wild  goose  pond,  near  Mitchellville. 
September. 

A.  macrophyllm  L.     Cumberland  Mts.,  near  Tracy  City.    July. 

A.  Isevis  L.     Rocky  river  banks.     Nashville.     September. 

A.  erieoides  L.  Covering  old  fields  and  waste  places.  Sep- 
tember-October. 

Var.  Rivesii  Gray.  A  handsome  variety,  with  larger  pur- 
ple flowers.  Rocky  river  banks  and  glades,  near  Nashville. 
September. 

Yar.  villosus  Torr.  &  Gray.  Occurs  with  the  former  on 
dry,  rocky  ground. 

A.  mnltifloi'iis  Ait.  Argillaceous  and  silaceous  soils.  High- 
lands,    Se])tember-October. 

A.  duiiiosiis  L.      With  the  preceding.     September. 

A.  ditt'iisiis  Ait.  A  very  variable  species,  growing  in  great 
abundance  on  muddy  river  banks  and  bottoms.  August-Sep- 
tember. 

Yar.  horizoiitalis  Gray.  Thickets  along  Cumberland.  Sep- 
tember. 


TENNESSEE    FI.OKA.  53 

Var.  thyi'soidens  (iiay.  ra^iiin>;  ..jmmi  irn.tiii.U.  llv«lt'.s 
Ferrv,  otc. 

Var.  biCnms  (n-ay.  With  imi.li  laiL^n-  lu-ads.  aii<l  Inn^r 
lanceolate  aciiininatc  tniiai;c.  Sliady  haiilo  of  (  "ninlxrlan.l  river. 
8eptemhcr-()ct()l)cr. 

A.  Tradescaiiti  L.      Kcplaccs   in   ihc  >iliceons  sniN  a«t<'r  eri- 
coides  in  e(nial  ahimdancc.     Scjdciubcr-C  )('t()l)('r. 

A.  Ulllbellatlis  Mill.      Iliirhlands,  Middi.- Tcnn.     >.  |.:.  ihImt. 

A.  illlil'inus  iNlichx.  (Dijjlojxipims  romifn/.  Darl.i       CliillH.w.-e 
Mts.,  P^a.st  Tciin.     September.      A.  II.  ("inti^-. 

A.  linariitolins  L.      ^NFonntains  of  Ka>t  Tnin.     .\l>u  ln<^ddaiid.s 
of  Middle  Tcnii.      Ilarpeth  Hills,  near  Na^hvillr.      Npl«Mi»l)«T. 

Eri^eron  Canadeusis  L.    Cominon  weed.    Anirn-t-Scpt, mbcr. 

E.  (livarieatus  ^lichx.      Sandy  barrens,  (  Vdar  Hill.  Robertson 
Co.     Angnst. 

E.  bellidifolilis  Miihlb.      liigldand>,  and   IviM    T.nn.      .Vpril- 
May. 

E.  Philadclphicus  L.      In  meadows.      May. 

E.  aiiuiius  Pers.      Dry  glades.     May -June. 

E.  stl'igosiis  Miihlb.     Pastnres  and  waste  ground.     September- 
1    October. 

Pl«lliea  cainphoi'ata  DC      Low.  damp  <:r<»nnd>.     ( ).  S.     .Inly- 
Se})tend)er. 

N'^ar.  Bci/riif/iii  Torr.  tV  (Jray.      \\'e-t  Trnn. 

Auteiinai'ia  plaiita^'iiiirolia  Hawk.     Dry  c.p-e-  and  hillsides. 
Common.      June 

(iiiaphaliuni    p(^ly(•epllahnn    Mi(li\.      ( )p<  ii    wn.Mllaiuls,    etc. 
July-September. 

(i.  deciirreilS  Ives.      Highland-.      Jnne-Angu>t. 

(x.  uli^'illOSUIIl   L.      Swamp-  alnULC  ( 'innberland  .M!-..ei.- 

(i.  pui'pureuill   \j.      (onimon.      Sej)t«'mber. 

^  Polyuiiiia  Canadensis   L.      D.<p  ravine-  in   ih.    ( Uniberhiiui 

^     Mts.;    Sewanee.      Al)iindaiit.      July. 

Var.  I'adiata  (Jrav  looks  very  diilerent  ami  shonhl  nerhaps 
be  counted  as  a  sjx-eies.  I"'orsieiville,  at  the  etlge  nf  a  cedar  l)ar- 
ren;   Cockrill's  bend,  in  a  dry  barren  :   near  Nashvillo.     July. 

P.  Uvedalia   L.      Kich    woodland-.      Al)nn<lant   al)nuf     Na-I»- 
ville.     Julv-Au<rust. 


54  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

Silphinin  pert'oliatiiiii  T..  On  Brown's  (^reek,  three  miles  from 
Xa-hville.     August. 

■-S.  brachiahim  Gattini>:er.  First  collected  July,  1867,  on 
tlie  foot  of  (Aimberland  Mts.,  near  Cowan,  Tenn. 

S.  integrifoliiliii  Michx.  Highlands:  Charlotte  pike;  David- 
son's place,  near  Nashville.     July. 

S.  seaberrimum  Elliott.     Barrens  at  Tullahoma.     July. 

S.  Asteriscus  L.  Craggie  Hope,  Cheatham  Co.,  near  railroad. 
July. 

Var.  Uvi'icaide  DC.     Barrens  at  Tullahoma.     August. 

S;  trifoliatiiiu  L.     Copses  around  Nashville.    Frequent.    July- 
s', compositum  Michx.     Western  declivities  of  Chilhowee  Mts. 
and  in  the  hills  on  Chestua,  East  Tenn.     July. 

S.  terebiutliiuaceiiin  Jacq.,  var.  pinnatifidum  Gray.  Barrens 
at  Lavergne,  Tenn.     June- July. 

S.  laciniatum  L.     Apparently  rare  in  this  State.     East  Tenn. 

Chrysogonum  Virginianum  L.  Thickets  in  the  mountains  at 
Ducktown.     April. 

Partheniiiin  integrifoliuiii  L.    Dry  ground.    Common.    July. 

Inula  Helenium  L.     Sweetwater  East  Tenn.     July. 

Ambrosia  bidentnta  Michx.  Fields  and  pastures.  Browns- 
ville.    West  Tenn.     August. 

A.  trifida  L.     Banks  of  streams  and  bottom  lands.      August. 
Var.  integrifolia  Torr.  &  Gray.      Is  only  a  depauperate 
form,  always  in  very  poor  soil. 

*  Silphium  brachiatum  Gattinger,  n.  sp.  Stem  3-5  feet  high,  square  or 
subangular,with  the  brachiated, thin,  roundish  and  nearly  leafless  flowering 
branches  smooth  and  glaucous.  Leaves  opposite,  roughened  on  the  upper 
side,  smooth  on  the  lower,  except  the  principal  veins,  which  are  slightly 
hirsute,  lower  short  petioled,  deltoid  or  hastate-lanceolate,  irregularly  and 
upwardly  dentate,  6-10  inches  long,  green  and  glaucous,  those  on  the 
branches  distant,  small,  sessile,  entire;  heads  long  peduncled.  small, 
bracts  of  the  involucre  ovate;  achenia  obovate-orbiculate.  narrow  winged, 
slightly  notched  at  the  apex.  Very  distinct.  The  1-3  flowered  pedun- 
cles 3-4  inches  long  and  almost  filiform.  Involure  little  over  one-half 
inch  high.     Rays  rather  few,  one-half  inch  long;  akenes  four  lines  long. 

Collected  July  14th,  1S67,  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Cumberland 
mountains,  a  short  distance  south  of  the  tunnel  at  Cowan,  Tennessee.  It 
is  quite  numerous  on  the  limestone  base  of  the  mountain,  and  probably 
extends  all  along  the  Chattanooga  road  towards  the  Tennessee  river.  It 
was,  however,  not  since  seen  in  any  other  part  of  the  State. 


TENNE88EI-:    l-I.oKA.  55 

A.  artemisijololia  I..      I'i.  hU  an.l  cultivatr.l  jrroiiiul.^.      I  :,. 
most  abundant  weed  in  this  r.  oi,,,i.      .luK. 

Xaiifliium  Canach'iise  Mill.      In  ii(li  hmtom^  ii  attains  soine- 
tiiues  six  feet  in  height.      .Inlv. 

X.    spinosiim    L.      Towns   and    lailn.ad    depots.       Nashville, 

Knoxville.      duly. 

Zinnia  paucillora  L.      Kseaped  iVom  <;aidrns.      N.  ar  Ciiarlcti. 
pike.     July. 

Heliopsis  la'vis  Pers.     Ilifrhhnids  and  in()untain>  of  JuLst  'l\nn. 
July. 

Eeclipta  alba  llas.skarl.      Kiv<  r  hanks  and  miry  jdaces.      Com- 
mon.     July-Se])temher. 

Eclliuacea  pui'purea  Moencli.       Kieh  wocdhind.-.       M<.rf    iiv- 
quent  in  East  Tenn.     ^^'hite.side.     June-July. 

E.  au^ustifolia  DC.     Dry  copses,  vicinity  cj*  Nashville  :  Cedar 
glade  near  Lavergne.     July. 

Rudbeekia  triloba  J^.     dliickets.     dnly-August. 

\"ar.  nqjcsfris  Chiekering.      Koane  Mt.      Chickering. 

R.  hirta  T^.     Dry  copses  and  barrens.     August-September. 

R.  ful^ida  Ait.     Dry  woodlands.     September. 

R.  speeiosa  Wendewortb.     In  tiie  glades.      Laverirne.      Sep- 
tember. 

B.  spathnfdta  M'whx.       Cbilhowcc  Mt.,    Ka>t    i'mn.       A.    11 
Curtiss.     September. 

R.  bieolor  Xutt.       Open,   dry  barnns,    Nashville        Hon  Air. 
September. 

R.  laciniata  L.      Paradise  ridge.       Mountains    cf    ]';i^t  'P. m. 
(Wolf  creek.)     July. 

Lepacbys  ])innata  Torr.  tV:  (iray.      Kocky  baidvs  and  ririi  pas- 
ture lands,      duly. 

L.  ('(duniuaris   Forr.  ^V:  (Jiay,  var.  imh-lnrrimn   Torr.  iV:   (iray. 

NMcinity  of  a   cott*!!!  eoinprc»,  Xa>livilli'.       1  nt roilucrd.     duly- 
August. 

Heliantbus  annus  P.      pM-aprd    fi-.-m   gardi  n-.      Xot  indigen- 
ous in  Pcnn.      duly-August. 

H.  dniiiiosiis  P.      Cumberland  Ml.  at  ('.>\\aii.      .iiii\. 


56  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

H.  atroriibens  L.  Dry  woodlands  in  siliceous  soil.  East  and 
Middle  Tenn.     July. 

//.  Schwciuitzli  Torr.  &  Gray.     Cowan.     August. 

H.  mollis  Lara.  Barrens  of  iSIiddle  Tenn.  Frequent.  July- 
August. 

H.  parviflorns  Bernli.     Highlands.     July-August. 

H.  divai'icatus  L.  Highlands  and  argillaceous  soils  generally. 
July-August. 

H.  hirsutus  Raf.  Barrens  and  woodlands.  Common.  July- 
August. 

H.  deeapetaliis  L.  Mountains  of  East  Tenn.;  Paradise 
ridge.     July. 

H.  tllberosiis  L.  Rich  bottom  lands.  Very  frequent  around 
Nashville.     July-August. 

H.  Icetijlorus  Pers.  Brownsville,  West  Tenn.  August-Sep- 
tember. 

11.  irache/iifolius  Willd.  Mountains  of  East  Tenn. ;  Big  Frog 
Mt.     July. 

Jlelianthella  tenuifoUa  Torr.  &  Gray.  Barrens,  two  miles  east 
of  Tullahoma.     July-August. 

Verhesina  occidentalis  Walter.  Western  declivities  of  Smoky 
Mts.,  covering  large  tracts.     July-August. 

V.  Virgiiiica  L.  Limestone  regions  of  Middle  Tenn.  August- 
September. 

y.  helianthoides  Michx.  Rich  woodlands.  August-Septem- 
ber. 

Actiiionieris  sqiiarrosa  Xutt.  Moist  woodlands.  August- 
September. 

CoreojmH  rosea  Nutt.  In  a  little  swamp  on  Potato  creek, 
Copper  hill ;  Ducktown.     July. 

('.  aiii'iculata  L.  Paradise  ridge;  Greenbricn-,  Robertson  Co. 
June. 

C.  (lelphinifolia  Lam.     East  Tenn. 

('.  senifolia  Michx.  In  siliceous  soil  (gravelly  ridges),  over 
the  State.     July-August. 

Yar.  steliata  Torr  &  Gray.     With  the  former. 

r.  tl'ipteris  I^.     A^ery  abundant.     August-September. 


tknnes«p:k  ki.oka.  5" 

C,  vertwiUdin  1..      V \>\n'v  Vms[    'Wuu.      Aiijrnst-.S'ptemh.r. 

C.  tricliospeniia  Miclix.  Kivrr  suainpv.  X:,.l,villf.  AiiL'U'-t- 
i^eptcmber. 

C.  discoidea  Ton-.  A-  (irav.  Kivcr  -watuj)-.  with  tin-  t'..nii»T. 
Aiigiist-Sopteiiiber. 

Bidens  fVoudosa  I..     M.»i>i,  L.w  LrroimiU.     .Iiilv-Octnb.r. 

B.  eonnata  Miililb.     July-()ct«>l».'i-. 

B.  ceriiua  L.      Abuiulant  in    wet    grounds.     .liiK -S  pi. mbcr. 

B.  bipinnata  L.  (^iltivatcd  nioniuK  and  l)arn  i.^.  AwU- 
Aiitj^ust. 

MarsliaUia  btnvcolatit  l*ur>li.  \'i«-iiiit\  nf  M.iMplii-.  l>r.  (J. 
Eireling. 

(ialius()^*a  ])ai'vifJoi'a  (av.  Cultivated  ^nound-.  Mr-.  (  luat- 
hani's  place,  Xashville.      S.^ptcrnbtT-October. 

Heleiliuuill  lllldifiormii  Xntl.  Wet,  sandy  soil  :  Para-li-e  ridire. 
Tiillahoina.     July-Aui^iist. 

77,  tcnuifoliinn  Xutt.  Aririllaeeoiis,  sandy  soil,  limw  n-ville, 
^tc.     July- August. 

H.  parviflorura  Nutt.     (Vdar  glades,  Lavergne,  ele.     duly. 

H.  ailtlllllliale  L.      liow,  uiDist  places.      Septende  r. 

Dysodia  clirysaiitlMMiioides  J.ag.  Along  railroad  eiubank- 
nients  near  ]\Iiteliellville.  Abufidant  across  tlie  State  line  in 
Kentu(d<y.     August. 

Alltiieniis  ('otllla  L.      Waste  places.      May. 

Achillea  Miilelolimn  L.     Koadsido  and  nuadow-.     Augu-i. 

Cliiysantlieinmii   Lciicautliemum    i-       Kond<ide<  and  dry  pa*^- 

tures.      Frequent  about  Nashville. 

Tanacefum  Vlllgare  L.     Escaped  Irom  garden-.     duiy-Augu^l. 

Ai'teiiiisia  I.iidoviciaiia  Xutt.  Koadsi.le<.  Inf'pMpient.  .Inno- 
July. 

A.  annua  L.  Introduced.  Now  spreading  .a.  i-  iii.-  >iale. 
August-Se])tend)er. 

A.  Absintliilini  L.  <)1<1  homestead-  an<l  thenee  t'.sca|K'(Hnto 
fence-rows.      West    Tcnn.      Dr.  Chapinann. 

A.  biennis  Willd.  \'er\ cMninMii  ..n  ihr  b:nd<-  mT  th<-  Ohio 
at  fiouisville.      West  Tenn. 


58  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

Senccio  Rugella  Gray.  Sinoky  Mts.  Grav  Synops.,  vol.  i.  2. 
p.  383. 

S.  aureus  L  ,  var.  obovutus  Torr  &  Gray.  Moist  ground  io 
limestoiu'  reoioiis.     May. 

Var.  Balsaniit;e  Torr  c^-  Gray.      Mountains  of  East  Tenn. 
Duckiown.     May. 

S.  lobatas  Pers.     West  Tcnn.,  low  grounds.     June. 

Cacalia  suaveoleus  L.  Banks  of  Turnbull  creek^  near  Kings- 
ton Springs.     July-August. 

C.  reniforniis  Miihlb.  Cumberland  and  Alleghany  Mts.. 
.Inly-August. 

('.  ati'iplicifolia  L.     Rich  woodlands.     July. 

('.  tuberosa  Xutt.  Wet  places  in  the  cedar  glades.  July- 
August, 

Erechtites  hieracifolia  Raf  Clearings  in  forests.  Common. 
July.         '^ 

Arctium  Lappa  L.     In  towns  and  on  highways.     June-July. 

Cnicus  lanceolatus  Hoffm.     Waste  places.     July. 

C.  altissiuius  AVilld.,  var.  filipendulus  Gray.  Fence-rows  near 
Lavergne.     June- July. 

Var.  discolor  Gray.     Banks  of  Cumberland  on  Rising  Sud 
Bluff,  twelve  miles  below  Nashville.     September. 

('.  uiuticus  Pursh.  Lookout  Mt.,  Chattanooga;  also  Roane 
Mt.     Chickering.     July. 

Onopordon  Acanthiuui  L.  Dry  pastures  around  Nashville. 
July- August. 

Silybuui  Mariauuui  (iaert.  One  specimen  found  along  N.  W. 
Railroad,  near  Nashville,  and  foliage  brought  to  me  by  Mrs. 
Turner,  of  Nashville,  found  near  Tracy  City. 

Centaurea  Cyauus  L.     Escapes  sometimes  from  gardens. 

Krigki  Vircjinim  Willd.  Sandy  soil.  Sewanee,  Lookout  Mt 
and  near  I'rospect  Station,  Giles  Co.     June. 

K.  Daudeliou  Nutt.     Moist  woodlands.     April-May. 

K.  amplexicaulis  Nutt.     Rich  woodlands.     May. 

A^  iiioiitana  Nutt.  High  mountains  of  East  Tenn.  Roane 
Mt.     Chickering. 

Cichoriuni  lutybus  L.     Roadsides.     Edgefield.     Rare.     July 


TKNNKSSKE    Fl.ni;  \.  oJl 

Hieraciuiii  paiiinilalmii  I..     1  )r\ ,  ..ikh  wootllaiuljs.     .luly. 

II.  veiiosum  I..      With  the  Inrnur. 

II.  scabi'iim  Midix.      KocUy  places.     Jiily-Aii^mst. 

II.  (il'ouovii  L.     j^-.  (JIM, It  ill  tlic  liillsarnimd  Nn-livii; 

August. 

//.   loiigipihtiil    TolT.       Ji)llll>nll\illr.        .Jiilv. 

Ti'a^(>l)o«:;on    pratcnsis    L.       Mis.   ClHatliain'h  grounds,  aixi 

vicinity.     Xashvillc.      May. 

Preiianflies  ('iT|>idinea  Mi<li\.     Kidi  >..il.     Hills  m-ar  Xash- 
ville.     August. 

P.  aspera  Michx.      JKincns.     .Inly-Auj,ni>t. 

P.  sei'pentai'ia  Pm>li.      JKirrcus  ut'Di.xon  Co.     ScptcnilxT. 

\ix\\harhat(i  ijiwy.     KoaneMt.     ('liicUcrinir.     Smoky  .Mt-.. 
Big  Tluiiulerhead.     July-August. 

P.  altissillia  li.      Rich  wood- ;    highland-.      .luly-ScptfrnlxT. 
Tai'axacuni  olHciiiale  W'lhr.     Cultivaicd  lands,  every wlnre. 

April-September. 

J\ili'rhopappns    ( ■(irollninnits    I )(  ".       ( 'h-vcland.     |-!a-t    'i\im. 
West  Tenu.      July. 

Lactllfa  Caiiadoiisis  \j.      (  learings  and  \voodlan«is.      June. 

L.  acilllliliata  (Jray.     lUuffs  (Ui  C'uuiberland  river.     S-pleinber. 

L.  Floi'idaiia  (iaert.        Rich  woodland-.       A  ngust-S<*pteiiiber. 

L.  leucoplia'a  (ii-ay.      Thickets  along  (  "iiinbciland  rivtr.  near 
Xashville,  etc.     July. 

S(ni(*lins  olei'aceus  L.,  and 

S.  asjJei'  L.      Roth  in  cnlti\ale(l  ^i-Mund.       (nninion.       June- 
July. 

L()1;i:riaci:.i:. 

Lobelia  eardiiialis  !>.      W-  i,  miry  ground.     July-September. 
L.  syphilitica  I>.      S\\ain|»-  and  ditclics.      July-September. 
h.  piibei'llla  Michx.      Highland-,      .\n-ii-t    Scpteml)er. 
L.  lei»tosta('bys  A.  I)(".       Rarnn-    in    luoi-i    ground.      July- 
August. 

L.  spicata  Rain.      Ccdai- glade.-.      With  the  loruier.      July. 


^0  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

*  L.  (lattiii^eri  Gray.     Cedar  glades  of  Middle  Tenn.     Rocky 
banks  of  Ciiniberlaiid  river.     Frequent       May-June. 

L.  Nnliallii  lloem.  &  Schult.     Mountain  swamps.     Sewanee. 
July. 

L.  inflata  L.     Dry,  argillaceous  and  siliceous  soils.     August- 
Seuteniber. 

CAMPANULACE^. 

S|»e('ularia  perfoliata  A.  DC.     Waste  ground   and   roadsides. 
April-May. 

Campanula  aparinokles  Pursh.     Mountain  swamps  and  laurel 
thickets.     July- August. 

C.  divaracata  Michx.    Cumberland  and  Alleghany  Mts.   July- 
August. 

C.  Americana  L.      Thickets  and   dry  Avoodlands.      August- 
September. 

ERICACE^. 

Gaylussacia  braehyeera  Gray.       Mountains   on    Ocoe    river. 
June- July. 

G.  frondosa  Torr.  &  Grav.     Mountains  of  East  Tenn.    April- 
May. 

(i.  resinosa  Torr.  &  Gray.     Highlands.     Valley  of  East  Tenn., 
etc.     April— May. 

Vacciniuni  arboreum  Marsh.      Highlands  and   siliceous    soil 
generally.     May. 

V.  stainineuni  L.      Oak  barrens  and  highlands.      May-June. 

V.  coryiubosum   L.      Mountains   and   ridges  of  East   Tenn. 
Highlands.     April-May. 

y^ar.  pallidum  Gray.     {V.  Constablei  Gray .)     Mountains  of 
East  Tenn.     June. 


"^Lobelia  Gattingeri  Gray.  Flowers  4-5  lines  long:,  deep  blue;  stem 
smooth,  weak  and  branching;  leaves  thin,  sessile,  oblong-ovate,  obtuse, 
serrate,  the  lowest  obovate;  racemes  peduncled,  very  slender,  many- flow- 
ered ;  calyx-tube  ovoid,  longer  than  its  pedicel,  shorter  than  the  linear- 
subulate  entire  lobes,  the  sinuses  not  appendaged,  but  slightly  callous. 
The  pedicels  are  sometines  i)rovided  with  small  bracteols.  Plant  6-20 
inches  high.  Regular  flowering  time  first  week  in  May,  but  some  plants 
are  tound  fl')wering  as  late  as  August.  Its  home  is  the  limestone  basin 
of  Middle  Tenn.,  and  prominently  moist  places  in  the  cedar  glades  First 
■collected  about  1869,  at  Lavergne,  seventeen  miles  south  of  Nashvilli. 


rKNNKSSEK    l-I.(.I4A.  »)  I 

\\ /lirsii/iini  ImiiIsI.v.      ni-li  iii(.iiiitaiiis..r  I'^ist 'IVnn.     Jiine- 

\  .  ('/•i/f/n-oc(i,-pnii    .\[i('li.\.        Ill-'lici-    iii(.iiiit:iiii^  ,        I  I'.-n. 

Junc-Jiilv. 

J^pig<ni  njMH.s  L.      CimilHrlaiMl  :m.l  A  lK-i.rl,ai,vMt...     Mareli- 
April. 

(uudthcria  itrorimilnns  I..     Allculiaiiy  Mts.,  tliroiiglioiit.   June*. 

A/uh-oincdd   M(tri(tiia    L.       ( 'uiiihcrlaiid    and    Allcj^dianv  Mis. 
April-May. 

A.  /Ir/itsfrina   Miililb.       Siix.ky  Mts.      liiir  Vri>^  Mis.     July. 

Oxy<leiulroii  aiboreuni  I)C\      IliirlilaiHls  and   silicfoim  soils. 
April-May. 

Lcucoflxr  Cdfi'sha t/i  Gniy.      Al.ui^  >iir;iiii-    i  iir«Mr_ii,..m  (  "mii- 
berland  and  Alleghanics.     ('(nmiion.     April-Mav. 

L.  recurra  Gray.      With  tlic  iornicr.      Mav. 

Kalniijl  lafifolia  J..      Mountains  of  East  Tcnn.,  and  in  Middl.- 
Tenn.,  in  siliceou.s  soils.     May-Juno. 

3Ienziesia  g/obiil(iri.s  i:^i\\\A).     lliLrh  niountain>  of  l^asi  Ti-nn. 
Roane  Mt.     Clingnian  Dome.     .Jul v. 

Rliododcndron  arborcficeni^TovY.      JJig  Frog  Ml.-,     .luiu-. 

R.  viscosum  Torr.     Along  mountain  streams.     Oeoe  Vallev. 

etc.     June. 

R.  liudiiloniin   Torr.       Mills   of   Ma>t    and    Middle  Ten 
siliceous  soils.     April. 

R.   calendalaccuiii   Torr.       Alleghany  and  ( 'iimlierland  Mt.«». ; 
also    here   and    there    in    shaded    ravine<    in   the  valley-'        f" 
Spring,  lloane  Co.     June. 

R.  ma.viiiiKin  h.     Common  throughout  (  umherland  and    , 
ghany  Mts.     June-July. 

P.    Catau'bicnsc   Miehx.       Only   on    the    hiLdi»>t    -nmm 
Smoky  Mts.  (Clingman  Dome)  and  Koane  Mi 

Lciopluillii in  bi(.rif()/iiiiii    \']\\.,  var.  pntsduitiun  Ciiay.       >>iihnnii 
of  Roane  Mt..     ChieUering.     July-August. 

Cletliraaouin'nKtfd  Miehx.    J'hroughout  Alleghany  Ml-.    .Iiil\. 

('Iiiinapliila  mariilata  Pursh.      Over  the   State.      Junc^July. 

Cli.  umbdlala  Nutt.      Suwanee.     'IVaey  City.     July. 

Pijrola  cllipfica  Xutt.      Wolf  Creek  (Heneh  Mt.).     J«dy. 


g2  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

Moiioti'opa  iiniilora  L.     Hills  near  Nashville.     August. 

M.  Hi/popifijs  L.  Oakdale  Station,  C.  South.  Railroad,  near 
Wartburg.     C'umberland  Mts.     July. 

Gahx  aphi/Ila  L.  Very  frequent  in  the  Alleghany  Mts. 
June-Julv. 

PRIMULACE.1^. 

Dodecatheon  3Ieadea  L.  The  purple  flowering  variety  in 
East  Tenn.  All  specimens  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Nashville 
had  white  flowers.     May-June. 

Steironeiiia  eiliatuiu  Raf.     Common.     June-August. 

S.  lanceolatum  Gray.     Over  the  State.     June-July. 

Var.  angustifolium  Gray.     East  Tenn.,  Bradley  Co.     July. 

Lysimaehia  Fra^eri  Duby.  Lookout  Mt.  Rocks  along  Ocoe 
river,  Polk  Co.      June-July. 

L.  qiiadrifolia  L.     Woodlands.     July. 

L.  Xuniularia  L.     Escaped  from  gardens.     July. 

Anagallis  arveiisis  L.  Railroad  embankments.  Oakland  Sta- 
tion, Robertson  Co. 

A.  coerulea  L.     Grass  plots.     Nashville.     Introduced.    June. 

Sainolus  Valerandi  L.,  var.  Americanus  Gray.  Muddy  river 
banks  and  wet  places.     May-July.  .     ^  .  i  : 

SAPOTACE^E. 

Bumelia  lycioides  Gaert.  Shrub  or  small  tree  in  rich  soil. 
Middle  Tenn.  and  lower  part  of  East  Tenn.      June-July. 

EBENACE^. 
Diospyros  Virginiana  L.    Common.    Medium  size  tree.    June. 

STYRACE^. 

Halesia  tetraptera  L.  Ocoe  district.  East  Tenn.  March- 
April.  '','  ',:'■'■■  :1    ' 

OLEAC^. 

Fraxinus  Americana  L.     Over  the  State.     April. 

Yar.   Ill  i  croc  a  r  pa   Gray.       Harpeth    hills,    near    Nashville. 
Supposed  to  be  a  hybrid  between  F.  Americana  and  viridis. 


TENNFi3SEK    KI.«)!{A.  63 

F.  vil'idis  Midi.      Low,  MH)i>t  irromul.      Aj>iil. 
F.  pubesceiis  Lam.      Kd^^c  of  river  swamps.     ApriL 
¥.  (jiiadraii^-iilat.'i  ^L.•l,x.      Hillsides,  in  rich  jrroiiiul.      April. 
Forestiera  acmiiinata  Loir.     ( 'lose  at  tlw  wat«r'«.  ed.ri..     dnn- 
iherland  river  and  iril)iitaries.      .March. 

F.  li,j;ustl'iiia  Poir.      Cliaraeteri-iie  ^liiid)  tor  llie  «-edar  ^clailes 

of  Middle  TeiiM.      Jnlv. 

Cliion(inf/iiis   \'ir(/iiilc(i  L.       .\loni:  -ii-eaiiw,   especially  lit   the 
Alleghany  Mts.     April. 

Li^listl'lini  vnl^-are  L.     The  eommon  I'nxei,  planted  in  iiedges. 
Seldom  perfects  its  fruits  in  Middle  Tenn.      Mav. 

AL()(  vxaclj:. 

Anisoiiia  Taberna'niontana  Walt.    (.1.  hit'ijoHa  Michx.,  Kast. 

Tenn.,  and  Aiii.'^.  sd/lcij'ofift  I*ni">h.,  Na>liville.)       ( )ver  ihc  State 
May- June. 

Viliea   lllilK^r   J^.       Introdueid.       old    urav(  yards,    where   it 

grows    luxuriantly,  ])erf 'ctint^   seed>.       .Not    >prea<ling,   however, 
into  neighboring  woodlands. 

Apocynuiii  andiosaMiiifolimn  L.     ( ).  s.     .hme-.Iuly. 

A.  cannabinuiii  L.     O.  S.     .Iun<-.Iidy. 

ASCl.EPIADACE.E. 

Asclepiodora    viridis    (Iray.       (.'< dar    glades,    in    dry,    sunny 
places.     July- August. 

Asclepias  tuberosa  L.      Fields  and  pastures.     .Junc-Jiiiy. 

A.  pui'puiascens  L.     Kdges  of  woodlands  aiul  copses.     Jiiiu^ 

Jidy. 

A.  ilicaiiiata  L.      River  swamps.      .lune-.Iuly. 

A.  roMluti  Decaisne.     ( )pen  grounds.     .Inly. 

A.  ohtusifolid  Mich.x.     Ococ  <listrict,  Kjist  Tenn.     June-July. 

A.  jj/ii/f<>/(tri'(>i(lcs  Pur>h.      .NL.untains  of  East  Tenn.     .Inly. 

A.  vai'it'gata    L.      Diy  u|>land>.      dunc-.Inly.      Kjisi    T- 
and  vicinity  ol' Nashville. 

A.qiiadl'ifolia  L.     ( )ak  l)arnn>  oi' Middle  Tenn.     June   .lidy. 
A.  verlicilliata  L.      Lr(<ju(iii  in  the  cedar  glades. 


<)'4  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

A<'tM'ates  vii'idiflora  Ell.  Cedar  glades,  T^vergne.  Jane- 
July. 

A.  /oiif/i/o/in  Ell.      Barrens,  Tiillahoma.     July-August. 

Eiislenia  albida  Nutt.     Thickets.     Common.     July. 

(jouolobus  la'vis  Michx.  Copses  vicinity  of  Nashville.  East 
Tcnn. 

Var.  macrophylliis  Gray.     With  the  former.     July. 

G.  obliquus  R.  Br.  Thickets.  Copses  near  Nashville.  June- 
July. 

(j.  liirsutus  Michx.  Thickets  along  Cumberland  river  and 
Stoner's  creek.     June-July. 

LOGANIACE^. 

Gelseiiiinum  sempervirens  Ait.  Lookout  Mt.,  East  Tenn. 
Abundant  in  West  Tenn.     March-April.  ' 

Spigelia  Marilandica  L.     Over  the  State.     May-June. 

Polypremum  proGumbens  Li.  West  Tenn.  Brownsville.  Dry 
pastures.     April-September. 

GENTIANEiE. 

Sabbatliia  brachyata  Elliott.     Barrens.     June-July. 

S.  annularis  Pursh.     Pastures,  in  rich  soil.     July. 

S.  gracilis  Pursh.     Barrens  at  Tullahoma.     July. 

Gentiana  quinqueflora  Lara.  Mountains  around  Ducktown. 
August-September. 

(j.  Sapoiiaria  J^.  Moist  thickets,  highlands.  September- 
October. 

G.  Aiidrewsii  Grieseb.  Highlands,  South  Tunnell.  August- 
September. 

G.  ochroleiica  Froebl.    Barrens  and  highlands.    September. 

Frasera  Carolinensis  Walt.  East  Tenn.  Corkills  Bend, 
near  Nashville.     June. 

Obolaria  Vir<:;iiiica  L.  Moist  woods  north  of  South  Tunnell, 
Sumner  Co.     April. 

Bartonia  tcnella  Muhlb.     Mountain  bogs.     Sewanee.     July. 


TENNESSEE    FLORA.  Go 


P()li:M()MA(  i:j:. 


Phlox  pailiculata  L.      Over  tli<- Stat.-,  in  ricli,in..iM  u  .....JI-mmN. 
June- J  lily. 

P.  inaculata  L.     Similar  lucalitiics.     .Iiily-S4'|)i(inl>(r. 

P.  ^laberrima  I..     Moimtains  of  Kast  Tcuw.  to  Mi<l<llr  Tcnn. 
Var.   suiriuticMKsa    (Jray.       l^>aiik>  nf   (  innlxrlaiul   river  at 
Nashville.     June-July. 

P.  aillU^na  Sims.      Mountain.^  of  Kasl  Tcun.  ami  liiL^lilaml^  of 
Middle  Tenn.;  Mitchellville,  etc.     May-Jinn-. 

P.  divaricata  L.     Over  the  State.      A|)ril-May. 

P.  Stellai'ia  Gray.     Cedar  o:lades,  Luver^ne.      May. 

GUia  coronopifolla  Pus.     Knobs,  east  of  Athens,  East  Tenn. 
Perhaps  only  escaped  from  cultivation.     July. 

Polemonilini  reptailS  1^.      Moist  woodlands  from  the  mountains 
to  the  Mississippi.     April-May. 

hydrophyllack.t:. 

Nemophila  niicrocalyx  Fish.  S:  Mayer.       rineketsand  ravines. 
Nashville.     April. 

Phacelia  bipilinatirida  Michx.       Over  the  State.     Shady  local- 
ities      April-May. 

P.  Plirsliii  Buckley.      Very  co|)iously  di-tributed    in    Middlr 
Tenn.     April. 

P.parvifloraPursh.    Rocky  c^lades, vicinity  of  .\a-livill.-.  April. 
Var.  hirsilta  Gray.      With  the  former. 

Hydropliylliiiii  inaciopliylliim    Nnit.     W ft  woodlands.     South 
Tunnel,  Sumner  Co.     June. 

H.  Canadensc  L.      Mountains  of  Kast  'reim.      -Iidy. 

H.  appeildieulatuni  Michx.      Fre(|uent  in  vicinity  of  Nashville 
Rich  woodlands  and  river  blutls.     dune. 

H.   V'lrginiciun  L.      Ducktown,  Ka^t  Tenn.      .lune. 
Hyd rolca  alftnis  Gmy.      IloUowrock.     Au^^ust. 

]5()KRA(;iNA(i^.K. 

Helioti'opiuiu  tcuelluni   Torr.      Cidar   ltI  i-h -.    Mi  I<lh     T. m. 
Lavergne.     July. 
5 


QQ  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

H.  auchnsael'oliiini  Poir.  Introduced.  Grounds  near  Mrs. 
Cheatham's,  Nashville.     July. 

H.  liidicuin  L.     Low,  wet  grounds.     July-September. 

Cyuoglossuiu  officinale  L.  Waste  grounds.  Over  the  State. 
May. 

C.  Vir^iiiicuni  L.     Rich  woodlands.     Common.     May. 

Echiuospeiiiiuiii  Virginicum  Lehm.  Vile  weed.  Common. 
June-August. 

E.  Lappula  Lehm.     Johnsonville.     July. 
Mertensia  Vir^iuica  DC.     Rich,  moist  soil.     Over  the  State. 
May. 

Myosotis  veriia  Nutt.     Poor,  rocky  soil.     Common.    April. 
Lithospermnra  arveuse  L.     Waste  places.     April. 

L.  latifolinm  Michx.  Highlands;  in  moist  woodlands.  South 
Tenn.,  Sumner  Co.     June. 

L.  canesceiis  Lehm.     Glades  of  Middle  Tenn.     June-July. 

L.  angustifolium  M.ich:K..     West  Tenn.,  near  Hickman.     June. 

Ouosmodinm  Caroliuianum  DC,  var.  molle  Gray.  Vicinity  of 
Nashville.     April-May. 

Symphytum  officinale  L.  Introduced  by  early  settlers  in  Bay- 
er's settlement,  Polk  Co.,  East  Tenn.     July. 

CONVOLVULACE^. 

Ipomoea  Ouamoclit  L.  Cultivated  and  frequently  spontaneous. 
July-September. 

I.  coccinea  L.  Cultivated  grounds;  very  common  in  corn- 
fields.    July-September. 

I.  hederacea  Jacq.  Fields  and  waste  places.  July-Septem- 
ber. 

I.  purpurea  Lam.  Frequently  cultivated  and  escaping. 
June-August. 

I.  pandurata  Meyer.  Copses  and  river  banks.  June-Sep- 
tember. 

I.  lacunosa  L.     Fields  and  waste  grounds.     July-September. 

Convolvulus  spithamceus  L.  Dry,  rocky  woods  frequent  in 
the  Alleghanies.     May-September. 


TENNKS8KK    FI.OKA.  67 

0.  sepilllll  \j.  Moiwt  alluvial  soil.  A  lotiL' CiimlK-rlatKi  riv.  r. 
August-September. 

C.  arvensis  L.  Grass  plots,  Na>hvillc  and  viciiiii\ .  .Iiiim- 
July. 

Evolvnlus   JU'^entcils  Pursh.      Dry  r<.(;ky  places  in    the  eedar 

glades  at  Lavcrone.      May-.Iuuc. 

Cuscuta  C'iiloroc.'irpa  Engclm.  Moist  thickets  on  Mill  (T.-.k, 
etc.     August-September. 

C.  arvensis  Beyrich.  Ojxm)  L,n-oiiiids  in  the  glades  on  Ambro- 
sia.    June-July. 

C.  tenuiflora  Engelm.  Mountains  oi*  Ka.-t  Trim.  ;  ]>ig  Vto^ 
Mt.,  Polk  Co.     July. 

C.  Gronovii  Willd.     On   shrubs  and   herbaceous    plants,  over 

the  State.     August-September. 

G.  rostrata  Shuttleworth.  Summit  of  rhundcrlnad.  on  Soli- 
dago  glomcrata.     July. 

C.  COmpacta  Juss.  On  Eupatorium  and  other  h.rb.-i.-.niis 
plants.     Paradise  ridge.     August-Septemlxr. 

€.  ^lonierata  Choisy.  On  low  l)nslu's,  hi^ddand-.  .liily-S-p- 
tember. 

SOLAN  ACE.l^:. 

Solaniim  lligruin  E.  Cultivated  and  uiicultivated  L^roumis. 
May-September. 

S.  Dulcamara  E.  Escaped  tVom  cnltivation.  J.dlico,  East 
Tenn.,  etc.     June-July. 

S.  Caroliueiise  E.      Fields  and  gardens.      .May-.luly. 

S.  rostratum  Dun.  Introduced  in  Xasliville  and  vicinitv  and 
spreading.     July- August. 

Physalis  an^nilata  E.     Copses  and  pastures.     July. 

P.  Philadelphiea  Eam.      Fields  and  cultivated  gronncis.     .luiy. 

P.  Virginiana  Mill.  Cedar  glades  and  wootls.  Mi«ldle  Tenn. 
J  u  n  e-Se  p  te  m  b  e  r . 

P.  pilbesoens  E.     Sandy  baid^s  of  rivirs.     .hdy-Septembcr. 

Nicandl'a  physaloides  ( Ja<rtn.  I'iidds  and  -r-udcns.  .\ugu-t- 
Septembc  r. 

Lyciuill  Vlllgare  Dun.  Roadsides  and  waste  places,  .luly- 
September. 


68  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

Datura  Stramouiuni   1^.     Waste  ground,  barn-yards.     June- 
August. 

I).  Tatula  L.     Roadsides  and  waste  grounds.     June-August. 

Nieotiana  Tabaeuiii  Don.     Escaped  from  cultivation.     July- 
August. 

SCROPHULARIACE^. 

Verbasciini  Tliapsus  L.     Fields  and  pastures.     July. 

V.  Blattai'ia  L.     Waste  grounds.     June- July. 

Linaria  Canadensis  Duraont.     Lookout  Mt.     June. 

L.  vul^ai'is  Mill.     Fields  and  fence  rows.     June-July. 

Chelone  glabra  L.     Wet  and   swampy  places.     August-Sep- 
tember. 

C.    Lijoni    Pursh.      Mountain    bogs,    Alleghanies.     August- 
September. 

Scrophiilaria  nodosa  L.,  var.  Marilandiea  Gray.    Moist  thick- 
ets.    Common.     June- July. 

Pentsteiiioii   LTvigatus   Solander,  var.  Digitalis  Gray.     Over 

the  State.     June. 

P.  pubescens  Solander.    Glades  and  open  rocky  places.    June- 
July. 

Mimulus  ringens  L.     Along  streams  and  wet  places.     July- 
August. 

M.  alatas  Ait.     Wet  places,  edge  of  ponds.     July-August. 

('onobea  nmltitida   Benth.      Sandy,  wet  ground.      Common. 
July-August. 

Herpestis  iiigresceus  Benth.      Moist  places  in   the   barrens. 
August-September. 

H.   rotuudifolia    Pursh.       Swamps  along  Cumberland   river. 
June-July. 

Gratiola  Floridana  Nutt.     East  Tenn.  and  vicinity  of  Nash- 
ville apparently  rare.     April. 

(x.  Virginiana  L.    Miry  and  swampy  places.    Common.    June- 
July,  April-May. 

G.  ramosa  Walt.     Barrens  at  Tullahoma.     July. 

llysanthes  gratioloides  Benth.     Ditches,  and  along  brooklets. 
April-Septemi3er. 


TKNNESSEE    FLORA.  69 

Veronica   Vinfinicd  I..      Mountain^  and  lii^^lilaiuls.     .Iiilv. 

V.  Aiia^^allis  L.     Sj)rin^rs  aiid  l)r<)nkl(t^.     .lune-July. 

V.  sci'pyllitolia  L.     (Cultivated  i;n. mid.      April-May. 

V.  i)(M'e*;-rin:i  L.      Fields  and  pastures.      Aj.rii-May. 

Buchneia  Aiiiericaiia  L.     Oak  l)arrens.     .lulv. 

Seymcrla  tenuifo/id  Pnrsli.  ( 'opses  near  ( 'lev(dand,  Ka.st  Teiin. 
Sandy  soil.     June-July. 

S.  Iliacrophylla  Xutt.      liieh   alluvial  -oil.      .Nashville.      July. 

Oerardia  pediculaiia  L.  Hanvns  and  CumlMTJand  MtK. 
June-July. 

Var.    pectinata    Xutt.        Harpeth    hill-,     near     .Nashville. 
August. 

G.  flava  L.  Cumberland  and  AlIeLrhanv  Mt>..  and  barrens. 
June-July. 

(t.  queiTifolia  Pursh.     Over  the  State.     July-September. 

G.  Icevigata  Raf.     Alleghany  Mts.     duly. 

G.  patllla  Chap.  Rising  Sun  blulf  on  Cumberland  river,  twelve 
miles  below  Nashville.     September. 

G.  purpurea  L.  Over  the  State,  (ireenbrier,  Kobcrtson  Co. 
July. 

G.  tenuifolia  Vahl.      Ilarjx'th  hills.     September. 

Var.  niacrophylla  Benth.     Barrens.     July-September. 

Castilleia  coccinea  Spreng.    On  siliceous  and  argillaceous  .soil, 

East  to  West  Tenn.     April-May. 

Schwalbea  Americaua  Gronov.     Tullahoma.     June. 
Pedicularis  ('anadeusis  L.     Ov(  r  the  Siai. .     Manh-.Vpril. 
Melampyrum  Ai/U'ricdnnin  Miehx.     Snmky  Mts.     Jidy. 

OROBAXCHACK.i:. 

Apyllon  uniflorum  <iray.  Damp  woodland-.  ( )ver  the  State, 
but  not   frequent.      May. 

Conopliolis  Aiiiei'icana  Wall.  Oak  woods.  Ilarpeth  hills  near 
Nashville.     May. 

Epipliegus  Vir^iniana  l>art.  On  die  roois  ot'  be«eh  trees. 
June-Julv. 


70  TENNESSEE   FLORA. 

LENTIBULARIACE^. 

Utricularia  gibbet  L.     Pond,  summit  of  Lookout  Mt.     July. 
[J.  biflora  Lam.     Swamps,  West  Tenn.     July. 

BIGNONIACE^. 

Bignonia  capreolata  Tourn.  Woods,  climbing  high.  April- 
May. 

Tecoma  radicans  Juss.  Woods  and  cultivated  grounds.  A 
noxious  weed  in  fields.     May-August. 

Catalpa  speciosa  Ward.     Medium  size  tree.     May. 

PEDALIACE^. 

Martynia  proboscidea  Glox.  River  banks  and  waste  places. 
July-August. 

ACANTHACE^. 

Rnellia  ciliosa  Pursh.  Barrens  and  roadsides.  Over  the  State. 
July-August.    '^    y  'i^f^y    ^ 

R.  strepens  L.     Rich  soil.     June-July. 

Dianthera  Americana  L.  Slow-flowing  streams.  July-Au- 
gust. 

Gatesia  Icete-vwens  Gray.     Lookout  Mt.     July. 

Dicliptera  brachiata  Sprengl.  Rich  shady  grounds.  Fre- 
quent in  vicinity  of  Nashville.     July-August. 

VERBENACE^. 

Phryma  leptostachya  L.  Moist  woodlands.  Common.  July- 
August. 

Verbena  officinalis  L.  Roadsides  and  old  fields.  East  Tenn. 
July. 

V.  urtieaefolia  L.  Pastures  and  dry  uplands.  August-Sep- 
tember. 

V.  angustifolia  Michx.  Dry  soil.  Everywhere.  June-Sep- 
tember. 

V.  hastata  L.     Waste  grounds.     Not  frequent.     July. 
V.  stricta  Vent.     West  Tenn.     July. 


TENNESSEE    PM.ORA.  71 

V.  brarteata  Michx.      Around  dw.irmur.  an.i  alnii^r  roadsides. 
J  line- July. 

V.    Aubletia    L.      Vwy  ciopious    in    til.'   irladc's    and    barrens. 
May- June. 

Lippia   laneeolata    Michx.      Low,    moist   ^'rounds.      August- 
September. 

Gallicarpa  Americana  L.     Jiiniestone  reirions  of  .Mi(l<ll.'  Tcnn 
July. 

LABIAT7E. 

Trichosteiiia   dieliotomum    1..      Sandy    fnlds.     ().    S.     July- 
August. 

Isailthus  coeruleus  Michx.      Abundant  in  Middle  Tmn.      Au- 
gust-September. 

Teiicriuiu  Oanadense  L.      Moist  meadows  and  copses.     June- 
September. 

Collinsonia Canadensis  L.     Rich  woodlands.     July-August. 

Mentha  viridis  L.     Wet  ground  near  settlenaents.     July. 

M.  piperita  L.     In  streamlets.     July-September. 

M.  Canadensis  L.     Wet  places.     July-September. 

Lycopus  Virginicus  L.      Ponds  and  ditches.      Auirust-wSeptem- 
ber. 

L.  rubellus  Moen(;h.     Swam])y  lands.      Anunist-Septcmber. 

L.  sinnatns  Ell.    I^ow,  swampy  grounds.     August-St»ptember 

Cnnila  Mariana   L.      Dry   hill,  siliceous  soil.       Abundant    in 
East  Tenn.     July-Septeml)cr. 

Pycnantheniuin   linitoliiim    Pursh.     Oak    and   eedar   barrens, 
and  highlands.     June-July. 

P.  lanceolatum    Pursh.      Highlands.      West     Tenn.      .Vugust- 
September. 

Pyenanthemum  muticuni  IVrs.     Oak  barrens.      Very  frefpient 
at  Tullahoma.      Angust-Septeniber. 

Var.  pilosuni  Gray.      Dickson  Co.,  We.st  Tenn.     .luly-vS.'p- 
tember. 

P.  Tullia  licnth.      Lookout  .Mts.;     llar|Hlh    hills,   south    and 
west  of  Nashville.     August-September. 

P.  incauuin  Miehx.     O.  S.     Julv-.Vngust. 


f)      \ 


72  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

P.  albescens  Torr.  &Gray?  Parksville,  East  Tenn. ;  also 
hill-tops  south  of  Nashville.  '  July-August. 

P.  montanum  Michx.  High  mountains  of  East  Tenn. ;  Big 
FrogMt. ;  Clingman-Dom.     July. 

P.  liiiifolinni  Pursh.  Cedar  and  oak  barrens,  and  highlands. 
July- August. 

Calaiiiiiitha  Nepeta  Link.  Dry,  rocky  ground.  Common  in 
vicinity  of  Xashville.     July-September. 

C.  glabella  Benth.    Abundant  in  the  cedar  glades.  May-June. 

Hedeouia  pulegioides  Pers.  Dry  soil.  Common.  June- 
September. 

Salvia  lyrata  L.     Copses.     Common.     April-May. 
S.  urticsefolia  L.     River  banks  and  rich  soil.     May. 

Monarda  didyma  L.  Wet  places  in  the  high  mountains. 
June- July. 

M.  punctata  h.     Vicinity  of  Memphis.     Dr.  Egeling. 
M.  cUnopodla  h.     Mountains  of  East  Tenn.     June-July. 

M.  fistulosa  L.  Dry  copses,  fence-rows,  etc.  Common. 
August-September. 

Var.  mollis  Benth.    Hills  around  Nashville.     August-Sep- 
tember. 

M.  Bradburyana  Beck.     Highlands  of  Middle  Tenn.     June. 

M.  citriodora  Cerv.  Grass  plots,  Montgomery-Bell  Academy 
grounds,  in  Nashville.     Adventive.     July. 

Melissa  offleiualis  L.    Escaped  from  gardens.    Nashville.  June. 

Blephilia  ciliata  Raf.  Dry  soil.  Very  common  in  Middle 
Tenn.     July. 

B.  hirsuta  Benth.  Moist  thickets  on  Cumberland.  Rare  in  our 
region,  Nashville. 

Lophaiithus  nepetoides  Benth.  Rich  soils,  thickets  and  fence- 
rows,  Middle  Tenn.     August-September. 

L.  scrop/mlaiicefolius  Benth.     High  mountains  of  East  Tenn. 

July. 

Cedronella  cordata  Benth.     Highlands.     July- August. 

Nepeta  Cataria  L.  Near  dwellings  and  roadsides.  May- 
June. 


TKNNKSSKK    FLORA.  73 

N.  GleclioiiiJi  Px'iitli.      Ivirli,  iii-.i-i  tliickets.     April-May. 

Scutellaria  laterillaia  L.     Moist  woodlands.     July-SepU'ni- 
ber. 

S.  versicolor  Nutt.    Ro(;ky  pla(M'>  ;  hill- n.ar  \a.shvillf.  .Itily- 
August. 

S.  sa.vatili^  liuldvl.     ( 'hilliowcc  .Ml.,  l^a>t  Tcmi.    July. 

S.  serrata  Andr.      Woods,  Middle  'IVnn.     .luly-Auj^iist. 

S.  pilosa  Miclix.      Hills  !i("ar  Nashville,  etc.     Jiily-Au^riist. 
Var.  hirsilta.     South  'riiniul,  Sumner  (\>. 

S.    iute^rit'olia    L.       Highluml.s,    Ciiniberlaml    Ml>.       July- 
August. 

8.  galericulata  Li.     East  'rciiii.,  Dufktnwu.     July-Aui:ii>'t. 

S.  cauesceilS  Xutt.     Craggy  Hope,  hills  near  Na>hvill»'.    .luly- 
August. 

S.  parvula  Miclix.      Very  tVecpKnl  in  the  cedar  glades.     May. 
Var.  mollis  Gray.      Dry,  rocky  places,  with  tlie  former. 

S.  nervosa  Pursh.    In  swampy  woodlands,  Sumner  Co.    July. 

Brunella  vulgaris  L.     Fields  and  roadsides.    Common.   July- 
September. 

Pliysoste^ia    Virgillica    Benth.       Open    copses    and    harr.'u-. 
June-August. 

Syuanclra  ^raiidiflora  Xutt.     Moist   wo.uN:  John  Overton's 
canebrake,  near  Nashville.     March-April. 

Marrubiuill  VUl^are  L.      Near  dwelliui^s  and  roadsides.     July. 

Perilla  ocymoides  L.      Kscaped    from  cnllivaiion  aiul  spread- 
ing.    July. 

LeouuriisCardiaca  L.    Waste  and  cultivated  ixn'un.l-.      Tnlv 
August. 

Lamiuiu    aniplexicaiile   L.     Common   wee<i   in   every   titld  or 
garden.     March-April. 

Stacliys  aspera  Michx.    Moi>t  woodlands  n.-.    Juno-AiiRust. 
Var.  glabra   Gray.      Banks  t)f(  "umhrrland  near  Nashville. 
August-September. 

S.  cordata  l>enth.     Moist  woodlands  and  rich  hillsides.     (Hills 
south  of  Nashville.)     July. 

Betonica  afflciiialis  L.     Na-^hvilh  .     .\dv.  nnv..     Jui> 


74  TENNESSEE    FLOEA. 


PLANTAGINEiE. 


Plantago  cordata  Lam.  Rare  in  Tenn.  Swampy  ground 
near  Brownsville,  West  Tenn.     April-June. 

P.  major  L.  Rare.  Waste  grounds.  Adventive.  June- 
August. 

P.  Rii^elii  Decaisne.  Very  frequent  around  dwellings  in  the 
open  country.     June-August. 

P.  laiiceolata  L.  Meadows  and  waste  grounds.  Introduced. 
April-June. 

P.  Pata^onica  Jacq.,  var.  aristata  Gray.  Along  lines  of  rail- 
road.    Tullahoma,  Dixon.     July. 

P.  Virginica  L.  Over  the  State.  Very  plentiful  in  dry 
sandy  soil. 

P.  pusilla  Nutt.  Open  ground  in  barrens.  April-May. 
(Mitchellville,  Sumner  Co.) 

P.  heterophylla  Nutt.  Barrens  at  Lavergne,  etc.  April- 
May. 

ARISTOLOCHI A  CE^. 

Aristolochia  Sipho  L'Hert.  Mountains  of  East  Tenn.  Cran- 
berry Iron  Works.     July. 

A.  tomentosa  Sims.  Banks  of  Cumberland  river,  near  Nash- 
ville.     May. 

A.  Serpentaria  L.  Rich  soil  in  the  barrens  of  Middle  Tenn.; 
also  East  Tenn.     June. 

Asarum  Canadense  L.    O.  S. 

A.  arifolium  Miohx.  Damp  woods  in  the  mountains  of  East 
Tenn.     June. 

A.  Virginicum  L.     Lookout  Mt.     Chattanooga. 

NYCTAGINE^. 

Oxybaphus  albidus  Sweet.  Nashville.  Bluffs  of  Mill  creek. 
June. 

0.  nyctagineus  Sweet.     Guthrie.     July,  '83. 

PHYTOLACCACE^. 
Phytolacca  decandra  L.     Everywhere.     July-September. 


TENNESSEE    FLORA.  76 

CHENOI'ODlACEiE. 

ChenopcMliiini  mnrale   L.      Strt'cts  of  Nashvillr.     .Iihh— Sep- 
tember. 

^C.  Botrys  L.      Around  dwcllinL::.-.      Iv^caj>c(l.      September. 

C.  album  L.     Comnion.     Ciiltiviitcd  ltioiiihI.     Sc'ptcmbcr. 

(7.  urbicum  L.     Streets  of  ('hattunooLra.     .Inly. 

C.  ambro.sioides  ]j.     Brownsville,  West  Tcmi.      August. 
Var.  antlieliuiutii'iiiii  (J ray.     O.  S. 

C.  glancnill  L.      Brownsville,  West  Tenn.      August. 

C.  Boscianuni  Moquin.     Nashville. 

amaranthacetp:. 

Amarantliiis  paniciilatus  L.     Common 
Var.  sanguineus  Gray.     Cultivated  grounds  near  Nasliville. 

A.  retroflexns  L.     Fields  and  jjardens. 

A.  albus  L.     Streets  of  Nashville:   rocky  plaee.s.    O.  S.    Sep- 
tember. 

A.  spinosns  L.     Nashville.     O.  S.     September. 

Iresinecelosioides  L.      Rich    soils   aloni;   river   l)aid<s,    Na-h- 
ville.     Julv. 

Montelia    taniariscina    Gray.      Very    abundant    in    cultivated 
grounds,  Nashville.     September-October. 

POI.YGONACEJE. 

Rnmex  crispus  T^.     Common.     June-July. 

R.  Brittanicus  L.     Ditches,  Nashville.     .lunc-duly. 

R.  obtusifolius  L.     Common;    ascends  to   the  hiirhest  mnnnt- 
ains. 

R.  verticillatUS  L.      Swamps  al(.n,«r  ('urub.TJand  and  Trui. 

rivers.     July-Aujz:ust. 

R.  Acetosella   L.      Pastures,      duly. 

Polygonum  oiientale  L.     Escaped  fnun  Lranh  ii>.     duly 

p.  Pennsylvanicuni  L.     O.  S.     Au^mst. 

P.  incarnatuui  Ell.     River  banks.     Comnnui   near  Nashville. 
July-August. 


76  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

P.  Persicaria  L.     Waste  grounds,   near  water,  O.  S.     June- 
July. 

P.   Hydropiper  L.     Ditches,  etc.      Common    in   streets,    etc. 
August-September. 

P.  acre  H.  B.  K.     Streets  of  Nashville,  etc.     July. 

P.  hydropiperoides  Michx.     River  swamps.    In  water.    Com- 
mon.    August-September. 

P.  3Iuhleiiber^ii  Watson.     (P.  amphibium,  var.  terrestre  Gray). 
River  swamps  ;   wild  goose  pond  near  Mitchellville.     August. 

P.  Virgiiiianuiii  L.     Thickets,  rich  soil.     July-August. 

P.  avieulare  L.     Yards  and  streets  everywhere.     June-July. 

P.  erectiiin  L.     (P.  avieulare,  var.  ereduni  Roth.)     In  com- 
pany with  the  former,  on  manured  grounds.     June-July. 

P.  tenue  Michx.     Cumberland  plateau,  Sewanee.     July. 

P.  arifoliura  L.     Cumberland  plateau.     September. 

P.  sagittatara  L.     Swampy  grounds  O.  S.     July-October. 

P.  Convolvulus  L.    Low,  damp  grounds  near  Nashville.    Sep- 
tember. 

P.  dumetorum  L.,  var.  scandens  Gray.     O.  S.     August-Sep- 
tember. 

Fa^opyrum  esculentum  Moench.      Sparingly  cultivated  and 
escaped  to  fence  rows.     Cumberland  Mts.     July  -August. 

Brunnicliia  cirrhosa  Banks.    Grounds  of  Lunatic  Asylum,  near 
Nashville.     West  Tenn.     July-October. 

LAURACE^. 

Sassafras  officinale   Nees.     O.   S.     In    the    river    islands    it 
grows  to  large  dimensions.     April. 

Lindera  Benzoin   Meissner.     O.   S.     In  rich  soil.     March- 
April. 

THYMELEACE^. 

Dircapalustrish.    Mountain  bogs.    Cumberland  Mts.    April. 

SANTALACE^. 

Comandra  umbellata  Nutt.     In  damp  soil,  oak  Taarrens.     Tul- 
lahoma.     May. 


TENNESSEK    FL(UiA.  77 

Pyrularia  o/elfeni  (iray.  AllcL^hanv  and  CiiinlMrlancI  Mt.s. 
Hot  Springs,  Diicktown. 

Buckleya  distic/i()jj/ii//l(i  'Wivv.  \\  .,11  (  icck.  Cart.r  Co.,  J-jjKt 
Tenii.   Lookout  Mt. 

LOliAN  rilACK.i:. 

Phoradendi'on  flavescens  Nnti.  OS.  ( )ii  varinii>  deciduouB 
trees.     March. 

saururea:. 

Saururiis  cernmis  1..     ().  S.     In  s\vaiuj)s  and  ditclH-.     .luiic 

CERATOIMIVLI.K/E. 

Ceratophylllim  (lenicrsuin  L.  Swamps  alnn<r  CiindM  rhmd 
river. 

CALLITRICHACE^K. 

Callitriclie  Atistini  Engelm.  Common  on  mndhanks  along 
river  and  in  moist  jri'ounds.      Middle  Tenn.     June. 

C.  heterophylla  J'nrsli.     Pools.     Nashville.     May. 

podostemacej:. 

Podosteman  abrotanoidcs  Xutt.  In  all  Miumitain  l)r<>(d<>  and 
streams  of  East  Tenn.     July. 

EUPHORBIAC'E.E. 
Euphorbia  corollata  L.     O.  S.     Argillactous  s(.il>.     .Inly. 

E.  eoninnitata  Engelman.  Cedar  harnns.  Middh  Tmn. 
April. 

E.  (lentata  Michx.  XaslnilU-.  X'cry  ahnndant  in  tin-  ct-dar 
glades.     May. 

E.  huniistrata  Engelman.  Kivn-  i)aiik-  and  m(.i>i  pa-tnir>. 
Nashville.     July-August. 

E.  hypericilolia  L.  Trouhlcsomj-  wcfd  in  field-,  rt<-.  ( ).  >. 
July 

E.  Ipecaci(an/i(r  L.      West    Tenn.,  m-ar  J(»hn><uivilh'.      May. 

E.  maculata  E.      Waste  grounds.     ( ).  S.     July. 

E.  lliai'^iliata  Pursh.  .Mong  railroad  mar  Mitchellville.  Hoh- 
ertson  Co.,  Tenn.      Abundant  ahout   Howling  ( Jre.n.  K\  .      .Ii.l\. 


78  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

E.  obtusata  Pursh.  Paradise  ridge,  thickets  on  Charlotte 
pike,  near  Nashville.     May. 

E.  serpens  H.  B.  K.  Rocky  lands,  gardens,  near  Nashville. 
Abundant.     June-September. 

E.  iiiei'cui'ialina  Michx.  Vicinity  of  Nashville,  on  Stoner's 
creek,  Tunnel  hill,  also  in  East  Tenn. 

E.  Lathyris  L.     Close  to  Tenn.  line  in  N.  C.     C.  Chickeriug. 

Acalyplia  Virgiiiica  L.     O.  S.     July- August. 
Var.  ^racilens  Gray.     Nashville. 

A.  Caroliniaiia  Walt.  Gardens  and  fields.  O.  S.  July- 
August. 

Rieinns  comumnis  L.     Escaped  from  cultivation. 

Stillingia  sylvatica  L.  Vicinity  of  Memphis.  Dr.  G.  Ege- 
ling. 

Trogia  urticcefolia  Michx.     Cleveland,  East  Tenn.      July. 

T.  macrocarpa  Willd.     Cedar  barrens.     Middle  Tenn.     July. 

Croton  capitatus  Michx.  Middle  and  West  Tenn.  July- 
September. 

C.  monanthogynos  Michx.     O.  S.     July- August. 

C.  ^landulosus  L.  Over  the  State,  but  not  so  common  as  the 
preceding.     July. 

Crotonopsis  linearis  Michx.  Cedar  barrens  of  Middle  Tenn. 
Summit  of  Lookout  Mt.     July. 

Phyllanthus  Carolinensis  Walter.  Pastures  and  glades.  O.  S. 
Juh^-August. 

Pachysandra  procumbens  Michx.  White  Bluff,  Dickson  Co.; 
South  Tunnel],  Robertson  Co.;  Beersheba  Springs  (Col.Wilkin^s), 
Dr.  Hampton's  farm,  Davidson  Co.     March-June. 

URTICACE^. 

Ulnius  fulva  Michx.     O.  S.     March. 

U.  Americana  L.     O.  S.     March. 

U,  racemosa  Thomas.  Frequent  in  the  vicinity  of  Nashville. 
April. 

U.  alata  Michx.  Frequent  in  the  glades  of  Middle  Tenn. 
February-March . 


TENNESSKK    KI.oKa.  79 

Celtis  occideiitalis  L.     ().  s.     April-Mav. 

Var.  iMississippieiisis.     Mii<  h  mnr.' common  an. 1  al)iin(lani  in 
Middle  Tenn.      April. 

Morus  rubra  \j.      Aloni^r  watfr-coinxs.      O.  S.      Mav. 

Madura  aurantiara   Lindl.     I'ncju. mlv  planted  for  hoil^vH. 
May. 

Broussonetia  papyril'era  \'cni.  A  p<.pnlar  shado tree.  .N.anv 
all  are  male  trees,  and  but  few  fruit-bearin^r  ,,1,^8  are  known  in 
the  State.     May. 

Planera  aquatica  Gmelin.     Jirown.^ville,  Wot  r«tin.      April. 

Urtica  gracilis  A\t.     F^ast  Tenn.     April. 

U.  dioica  L.     Occasionally  int nHlnccd,  n«»t  heeominj^  natural- 
ized. 

U.  chaniiedryoides  Pursh.     Abundant  about  Xa>hvillc.    A|)ril. 

Laportea  Canadeusis  Gaudich.     ().  S.,  rich  soils.     June. 

Pilea  puniila  Gray.     O.  S.,  damp  thickets.     August. 

Boehnieria  cylindriea  Willd.    O.  S.  with  the  fornur.     .Inly. 

Parietaria  Peunsylvauica  Muhl.     Waste  ^^ronnd  ;   streets  of 
to  w  n  s.     ^lay- J  u  n  e . 

Cannabis  sativa   h.     Escapint^  from   cnltivation    into  heiii^es, 
etc.     Not-=trbservct1  indiisr^nTrns. 

Humulus    Lupulus    L.      Like    the    fonn.r.      N..t    indiL"-n«»M^. 
•July. 

IMArANACE.lv 

Platanus  OCCidentalis  L.      Larirest  in  bulk  of  all  om  timbers. 
At  water's  edge  on  all  creeks  and  rivers.      April. 

JUGLANDACE.E. 

Julians  cinerea   L.      < ).    S.  alon^   (nek    and   riv.r  banks; 
nowhere  in  great  numbers.      May. 

J.  ni^ra  h.     O.  S.      Iiecoming  scare*-  ( ).  >.      .May. 

Carya  oliva'forinis  L.     Tennessee  and   Mississippi  bottoms  in 

West  Tenn.     Single  trees  in  Middle  Tmn..  pr()bai)ly  ohinttM)  by 

•early  settlers.     Smith's  place,  Mill  creek,  m-ar  Nashville.     .May. 

C.  microcarpa  Nutt.      Locdcout  .Mt..  Chattanooga.     May. 

C.  alba  Nutt.     Large  tree  with  .scalv  bark,  0. 8.     April-May. 


80  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

i\  sulcata.     Big  trees  in  rich  loam  O.  S.     April-May. 

(\  tonieutosa  Niitt.     More   prevailing  than    the   other,  espe- 
cially ill  ^Middle  Tenn.     April-May. 

r.  porciua  Nutt.     Barrens  and  gravelly  ridges.     April-May. 

('.  ainara  Nutt.     Low  grounds,  Nashville,  along  Cumberland 
river.     April-May. 

CUPULIFER^. 

Unercus  alba  L.     O.  S.     April. 

U.  stellata  Wang.    (Q.  obtusiloba  Michx.)     O.  S.     April. 

U.  lyrata  Walt.     O.   S.      Frequent  in  vicinity  of  Nashville. 
April. 

Q.  macrocarpa  Michx.     Low  grounds.     Nashville.     April. 

Q.  bicolor  Willd.     Low  grounds.     Nashville  and  West  Tenn. 
April. 

Q.  Michauxii  Nutt.     O.  S.     Rocky  hillsides.     April-May. 

Q.  Prinus  L.     Hills  and  mountains  of  East  and  Middle  Tenn. 
April. 

Q.  Miihlenber^ii  Engelm.     Common  in  Middle  Tenn.     April. 

U.  coccinea  Wanger.     O.  S.     April-May. 

Q.  tinctoria  Bartr.     O.   S.     April-May. 

Q.  I'libra  L.     O.  S.     April-May. 

Q.  falcata  Michx.     O.  S.     April. 

Q.  palustris  Du  Roi.     Low,  wet  lauds.     O.  S.     May. 

Q.  ilicifoUa  Wanger.     Scattering.     O.  S.     April-May. 

Q.  nigra  L.     O.  S.     April-May. 

(|.  iinbricaria  Michx.     Barrens  and  glades.     April-May. 

U.  Pliellos  L.     Low,  wet  ground  in  the  barrens.     April-May. 

Q.  aquatica   Castesby.      Mountains    of  East    Tenn. ;    along 
creeks  and  barrens  of  Middle  Tenn.      April-May. 

Our   oaks  are  often  difficult  to  determine.     Many  transitions 
or  hybrid  forms  occur. 

Castanea  vulgaris  Lam.,  var.  Americana  DC.     O.  S.     June. 
G.pumilaM.\c\\x.     Common  in   East  Tenn.     June. 
Fagus  ferruginea  Ait.     O.  S.     May. 


TKNNKSSKi:    FLORA.  31 

Carpiiius  Americana  Mi<li\.     I'i..m   liiulH'>t   mcnutaiu  .sum- 
mits to  tlie  lowlands.      Aj»i-il. 

Ostrya  Vii'^inica  Willd.     I/imesione  gla(l«>.     April. 

I'orylus  Amei'icana  Walt,     liich  soils.     ().  S.     April. 

C.  rosfrafd  Ait.      Coiimion    in    tlic    iiKnintain^  of  p^.st  Tenii. 
J\pril. 

Betula  knta  J..      Lookout  Mt.,  Allc«;liaiii('s. 

B.  lutea  Michx.,  til.     Summit  of  Smoky  .Mt^.     .Inh. 

B.  nigra  L.     O.  S.     Abundant  in  West  'r.-nn.      .\pril. 

B.  papjjracea    Ait.     ().  S.      Principalh    mountains    <.!"    Ka,st 
Tenn.     Mav. 

Alnus  vlridis  DC.     Mountains  of  East  Tenn. 

A.  serrulata  Ait.     ().  S.     March. 

salicacej:. 

Salix  nigra   Marsh.     River   banks.     The  form  .9.  uif/ra,  var. 

Wardl   J^ebb.,  in    island  of  Cumberland   at    Nashville.      April- 
May. 

S.  alba  L.     O.  S.     April. 

S.  humills  Mav>\\.      In  the  barrens  and  hi<:h  mountain^.     May. 

aS'.  longifoJia  Muhlb.     A\'est  Tenn. 

aS.  tristiH  Ait.      Barrens  of  Middle  Tenn.      March. 

8.  lueida  Miihlb.     Mountains  of  East  Tenn. 

S.   petiolaris    Smith.       liuena    \'i<ta    ferry    road.    Nashvilh*. 
April. 

S.  purjuirea  E.      Introduced    and   eullivaled  for  ba>kel  work. 

S.  Babylonica  E.     Introduced. 

Populiis  nioiiilifeia  Ait.     ( ).  S.     March. 

P.  Iieteroidiylla  I..     O.  S.     March-Ai>ril. 

P.  baUaniifcrd  J^.,  var.  cundicans  (Jray.      Introduced  l>y  earl\ 
settlers  in  East  Tenn.     (Balm  of  Gilead.) 

P.  alba  E.      Introduced  and  s])rca(lin^^      March. 

P.  (lilatata  Ait.      Introduced.      Sluu-t-lived  in  Middle  Tenn. 
6 


82  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

ARACE^. 

Arissenia  triphyllum  Torr.     O.  S.     April-May. 

A.  po/i/morpJmm  Chapm.  Roane  Mt.  4-5000  ft.  June  (in 
fruit).     Legit.  J.  W.  Chickering,  Jr. 

A.  Draeoiitiiiin  Schott.     Nashville,  East  Tenn.     May. 

PeltaiuliM  Vir^inica  Raf.  Cleveland,  East  Tenn.,  Capt. 
Raht^s  spring  branch,  and  Robertson  Co.     July. 

Orontium  aquaticum  L.  Cleveland,  East  Tenn.  With  the 
former. 

Acorns  Calamus  L.  In  an  old  garden  in  Nashville,  Market 
street.  Said  to  grow  abundantly  in  the  vicinity  of  Red  river^ 
Montgomery  Co. 

LEMNACEJi:. 

Leiuna  perpusilla  Torr.     Shelby  pond,  Nashville.     O.^'S. 

L.  trisulca  L.     Ponds,  West  Tenn.     Submerged. 

L.  minor  L.     Ponds  O.  S. 

Speirodela  polyrrliiza  Schleid.     O.  S. 

Wolffia  Columbiana  Karst.  Submerged.  Pond  on  Lebanon 
pike,  near  Nashville.     September. 

W.  Brasiliensis  Weddel.  Floating.  Pond  in  Lunatic  Asy- 
lum grounds  covered  with  it.     September,  1884. 

TYPHACE^. 

Typlia  aug^ustifolia  L.  Near  Lavergne,  Williamson  Co. ; 
Ducktown,  East  Tenn.      Very  rare. 

T.  latifolia  L.    O.  S. 

Sparganium  simplex  Huds.,  var.  Nuttalli  Gray.  Along  Cum- 
berland river,  Cleveland,  East  Tenn.     Julv. 

8.  eurycarpum  Englm.     East  Tenn  ,  Tullahoma  creek.     July. 

Ecliinodorus  radicans-  Englm.  Swamps  on  Cumberland  river, 
above  water-works  at  Nashville.     Common.     July. 

ALISMACE^. 

Sa^ittaria  variabilis  Englm.  Ponds  and  swamps.  Common. 
August-September. 

Var.  an^Ms^//b/fa  Englm.     Hollow  Rock.  July-September, 


tknm:s-«i:k  i-i.oiiA.  Hli 

S.  hetei'ophylla  l^nrsli.  W  ith  the  funn.  r.  .Iuly-S<-pU-ml)cT. 
S.  ^raiiiiuoa  Midix.  W  iili  the  Innn.r.  Au^,aiHt-8t'pleinl)iT. 
Alisnia  Plailta^O   \j.       Yaw  Ainrrlcdna  (Ivav.      ('<.nnnMii. 

IIVI)U()(11AIMI)I':.E. 

VaUis}ieria  sj)ir<i/ls    )>.      Slow-llowiiiir   streams.      Kast   Tt'iin. 
Infrequent.     July. 

Auachai'is  Canadensis  l^hmchoii.     INm.N  al.nv.-  'VMt.r-u-.rL;^ 
Nashville,  East  Tenii.,  ().  S.     Jimc 

XAIA1)A("K.K. 

Potaniogeton  paiicifloiiis   Piusli.     \;i>li\  illr,  ai>«»  Ylast  Tenn. 
Frequent.     July. 

P.  (7/a^^o/?// Tuekerni.    ^^onntlli^  stieatns  of  Hu>t  Tenn.   .Fiilv. 

P.  piisilliis  L.      Wolf  Creek,  Kast 'i'enn.     July. 

P.  hybridus  Mich  x .     T 1 1 1 1  a  1 1 < >  ni a .     July. 

P.  natans  L.      ^\^)lf  river,  near  Mcinplii-.      Dr.  Kj;clini»'. 

P.  perfoliatus    L.      \\^)lt'   river,   \i('inity    of    Memphis.      !>r. 
Egeling. 

Zainiichelia  pallistris    L.      In  ponds  ami  sprinixs  ai)nut  Nasli- 
ville.     April. 

()U(  IIIDACKJ':. 

Orchis  spectabilis  \j.     IJiver  i)(»tt<>m<  Ixlow  Xa-hvillc.     VtTV 
rare.     April. 

HabenariaintegraH\)rcui]^\.    'i'lillalmma  ;   .Mitehfilvilli'.  .Inly. 

H.  virescens  Sprengel.     Swamps.      Wrst  Tenn.     July. 

H.  cristata  R.  Bi\    Scwanee.    Cnmherlaml  Mts.    July-AuL'n-^t. 

H.  perauiflPnaOray.     (Vdar  Hill,  MitclHllvillc.  Unhcri- 
June. 

H.  ciliaris  R.  Brown.     Edgeliehi  .Inn«tion.    <).  S.     .lm>.    .Iidv 

H.  blepliaii^lottis  Hooker.     Tnllahoma.     Auiri 

H.  fridentata  ]lo(>kvv.     Sewancc :    ('nml)trlan(l    Mt«.     Com- 
mon.    July. 

Goodyent  pubesccns  \l.  !''•       M..nMtMin.  ..t'  V.a-^i    T.  nn.     W  ■  a 
creek,  etc.     July. 


84  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

Spiranthes  simplex  Gray.  Hills  south  of  Nashville.  Frequent. 
August. 

S.  cernua  Rich.     Tullahoma.    Barrens.    Common.    October. 
S.  o;raniiiiea  Lindl.     Tullahoma.     Barrens.     September. 

S.  gracilis  Bigl.  Mount  Olivet  Cemetery.  Barrens.  Sep- 
tember. 

Pogonia  v  e  rt  i  oil  lata  l^utt.  Sewanee  leg.  Gen.  Kirbv-Smith. 
]\Iay. 

P.  ophiaglossoides  Nutt.     Ducktown.     June. 

P.  pendiila  Lindley.     Mitchellville.     Wartrace.     September. 

P.  divaricata  R.  Br.     Mountains  of  East  Tenn.     June. 

Calopogon  pulchellus  R.  Br.  Tullahoma;  Parksville.  Fre- 
*quent.     July. 

Tipidaria  discolor  Nutt.     Ducktown,  Polk  Co.     August. 

Bletia  aphi/lla  Ruiz  &  Pavon.  Parksville  ;  also  in  the  "  Flat- 
%voo(ls/'  Bradley  Co.     Always  under  pines  !     July. 

Corallorhiza  iuuata  R.  Br.  Hills  south  of  Nashville  ;  Mitch- 
ellville.    September. 

r.  multiflora  Nutt.     O.  S.     June. 

T  od()iitoi'liiz;i  Nutt.     Hills  near  Nashville.      April. 

'Cyprlpedluin  acaule  Ait.     East  Tenn.     May. 

<7.  speetablle  Swartz.     Ducktown.     July. 

i\  pubesceiis  AVilld.  Rich  woods  in  the  mountains.  (Look- 
out Mt.)     May. 

C.  parvifloruni  Cones.     Hills  near  Nashville.     May. 

AMARYLLIDACE^. 

PaucratiiiiTi  rotatiiin  Ker.  Low,  wet  meadow  lands.  O.  S. 
-June. 

Agave  Virgiiiiea  L.    Dry,  rocky  places.    O.  S.    July-August. 

Hypoxis  erecta  L.     Frequent  in  cedar  and  oak  barrens.     May. 

H.EMODORACE.E. 

Aletris  farinosa  L.  Over  the  State,  especially  oak  barrens. 
3kIay-June. 


TENNKSSKK    KI.ollA.  8S 

ikidackj:. 

Iris  versicolor  I>.     S\vam|.>.       'I'lillalinmn.  Mitchollvillf,  etc. 
May. 

/.  cuprcn  Pursli.      Swamps.      W.-t  'I',  im.      .lunc, 

I.  cristata  Ait.     ().  S.     May. 

I.  Vil'^illira  I>.      Tiillahoina.      I.ow,  wet  ground.      .Vbiindunt. 
June-July. 

I.  Gerniaulca   J..      Deserted   hoiiicM.a.l.  r|,ail.)ttc   pik 
Nashville.     April. 

/.  hc.raf/oiia  Walt.      Swamp  east   side  of  'rnniesMM'   river  at 
Johnsonville.     July. 

PardautllllS    Chiueusis    Kerr.      Over  the   Statr.       ludi"tMiou.s. 
July. 

Sisyriucliiiiin   aiiceps  L.      IJarrens  of   Mi(i<ll.    i\ mi.     May- 
June. 

S.  mucronatum  Mielix.      Kast  Teiin.      Mav-.Imie. 

DIOSCOREACK.K. 
Dioscorea  villosa  L.     Jlieh  woodland-,     o.  s.     April. 

SMILACK.K. 

Sniilax  rotmnliiolia  L.     O.  S.     May. 

Var.  (luadraii^iilaris  Miildh.     \a>liville.     September. 

S.  ^lauca  Walter.     O.  S.     Creeping  low  over  fiel<l-.      May. 

S.  Pseudo-China  L.     I\iv<r  hanks.     May. 

S.  liispida  Miihlb.      Low,  damp  irroiiiid. 

S.  herbacea  L.     Nashville,  in  lidi,  moi-t  ir»'«»uud. 

S.  tailinifolia  Michx.      Nashville.      In  rich  woodlamls. 

3  ' 

LIM  ACK.K 

Allium  cernmim  Roth.     Ovi  r  the  Stat<'.     .Inly. 
A.  Canadense  Kalm.      Common.      .lum-. 

A.  tricorcum  A\t.      Rare,  appareiitlv.      Ka-t    1  nm  .  1  Mi.Ktnw  n. 
July. 

A.  niutabile  Miehx.      (  Vdar  trhules,  Lavergno.      Ma\ 


86  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

A.  sativum  L.  Introduced.  Grounds  of  Mrs.  Cheatham,  and 
old  cemetery,  Nashville.     June. 

Notlioscor  dinnistriatiini  Kunth.  Moist  ground;  frequent  in 
Middle  Tenn.     May. 

Caniassia  Fraseri  Torr.  Rich  woodlands  here  and  there  over 
the  State.      A])ril. 

Solia'iiolii'iiini  croceiim  Gray.  Moist  places  in  the  cedar  glades, 
LaveriiiH'.     May. 

Coiivallaria  iiiajalis  L.  Frog  Mts.,  East  Tenn.,  near  Duck- 
town  ;  also  said  to  occur  at  Sewanee.     May. 

Poly^oiiatuiii  ^i<^auteiim  Diet.   Rich  thickets.  Common.   May. 

P.  biflorum  Elliott.     With  the  former.     April. 

Siiiilarina  racemosa  Desf.  Rich  woodlands  over  the  State. 
May-June. 

Mdhinthemum  Canadense  Desf  Summit  of  Big  Thunder- 
head,  Smoky  Mts.     June. 

Asparagus  officinalis  L.     Escaped  from  cultivation.     June. 

Yucca  filameiitosa  L.  Dry,  rocky  ground  O.  S.  Very  fre- 
quent in  Middle  Tenn.     May. 

Li/inm  Gvay'i  Watson.  Summit  of  Roane  Mt.  Dr.  Gray, 
Prof  Chickering.     July. 

L.  superbum  L.  In  splendid  and  very  numerous  specimens 
on  Big  Frog  Mts.,  East  Tenn.     July. 

Var.  Carolinianum.    Throughout  the  mountains.     July. 

L.  Canadense  L.     Paradise  ridge,  near  Nashville.     July. 

Eiylhronium  Ameiicauum  Smith.  O.  S.  Harpeth  hills,  near 
Nashville.     April. 

E.  albidum  Nutt.  W^hite's  Bend,  below  Nashville;  summit 
of  Roane  Mt.,  East  Tenn.     Carby.     April. 

Ornithogalum  unibellatuin  L.  Buchanan's  fort  on  Mill  creek, 
Nashville.     Escaped  from  cultivation.     April. 

Uvularia  perfoliata  L.     South  Tunnell,  Sumner  Co.     May. 

U.  grandiflora  Smith.  Rockv  banks  of  Cumberland,  below 
Hydt's  ferry.     May. 

Oakesia  sessilifolia  S.  Watson.  Oakland  Station,  Robertson 
O).     May. 


TENNESSEE    FLORA.  87 

Streptopas  roseus   Midix.       Ilitrli  jK.ints  of  tlie  Siimky  Mu.; 
Big  Tliuii(l(M-lioa(l.     .Iiiiic. 

Prosjii'tes  lanu;::in(>sa    l)<»ii.      Na-livill.-,  S.  wane.    mh.I   m..iiu- 
tains  of  East  Tcnii.     May. 

P.  macu/<rf(iGv[\y.      M()Uiitaii)>  of  lla>l    r«iiii.  ;    r/</t  AlU.  Julir. 
Sc.  2,  45. 

Cliiifo/iid  uinhcUdfd  Toit.      IJit^  FroiT  Mt.;  Sin<»kv  Mt.s.   June. 

Medeola   Virginica  L.     Momi tains   of  t^st  Tenn. ;   Cumber- 
laiid  Mts.     May. 

Ti'illiiiin  cei'iuium  li.      Lookout  Mt.;    I)u<kfo\\M.     May. 

T.  sessile  L.     Over  tiic  State.     April. 

Yar.  Wl'ayi  wS.  WatJ^arn-  -ttttis  near  Xashvillr.      April. 

T.  eret'tuill  L.      Vicinity  of  XaslivilU'.      Kaiv. 

T'.  sfylosKin  Nutt.     ^lenipliis.     Dr.  Kgcling. 

T.  eryfhrocai'pon  Miehx.     Ococ  Valley.     May. 

Melanthium  Virginiciuu  L.     Big  Froj^  Mt.     .Inly. 

31.  parviflorum  Gray .     With  the  former.     .Inly. 

Ver (drum  viride  A\i.     AVolf  creek  on  Bench  Ml.     .Iuih-. 

Stenanthium  angustifoUiim  Gray.     Chilhowee  Mts.     .July. 

S.  robustuin  Watson.     Wet  ^noiiiid  in  the  barrens,  TiiUahoma; 
[      South  Tunnel!,  Sumner  Co. ;  also  mountains  of  East  Teiin.    July. 

!  Amianthium  musccctoxicinn  Gray.     H<\u:s.      Gonimon    in    East 

/       Tenn.     ]\Iay— June. 

Zygadenus  angustifolius  Wat.son.    Jiarrens  at  Tullahoma.  June. 

riueiii.Tliiiiiiii   Cai'oliniaiuim    WilM.     l>ry   woodlantl-.     Over 
the  State.     July- August. 

Hemeroeallis  fulva  L.     Kscapid. 
H.  fiava  L.     Escaped. 

Muscai'i  botryoides  Mill.      l'>-<'ai.cd   from  pirdens   int..   trnce- 
rows. 

roN  ri:i)i:uAC'K.i:. 

Pontederia  eonlata   L.     Swamps.     East  Tmn.      W  iid--"«'-«- 
pond  near  Mitcliellvillc,  Robertson  Go. 

Heteiaiifbeia  iTiiifoiiiiis   Kni/  A   Pav.     Swamps  and  ilitchca. 
\       O.  S.     Kasliville:  aloii.i:  Cinnbcil.ind  river.      August. 


88  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

H.liniosa  Vahl.     With  the  former  in  Middle  and  West  Tenn. 
Sehollera  graminea  Wilhl.     East  and  West  Tenn.     Apparently 
rare  in  Middle  Tenn. 

COMMELYNACE^. 

ConiinelynaCayeiinensis.    Rich  wet  grounds.   Common.    Nash- 
ville, up  and  down  the  river.     July. 

r.  erecta  L.     Shaded  river  banks.     Nashville.     August-Sep- 
tember. 

€.  Vir^iiiica  L.     Copses.     O.  S.     June-July. 

Var.  aug'iistlfolia  Michx.     Cedar  barrens.     June-July. 

Tradescantia  Virginica  L.     O.  S.     Rich  woodlands.     May. 

T.  pilosa  Lehm.     Rich,  shady  soil.     O.  S.     July-September. 

XYRIDACE^. 

Xyris  Qaroliniana  Walt.     Mountain   meadows  and  brooks  of 
East  Tenn.     July. 

X.  flexuosa  Mlihlb.     Swamps   in  Hadley^s  bend,  near  Nash- 
ville; low  ground  in  the  barrens.     August-September. 

JUNCACE^. 
Liizula  campestris  DC.     O.  S.     April-May. 

L.  pilosa  Willd.     Cumberland   and   Alleghany  Mts.     May- 
June. 

Juiicus  efFusus  L.     Ponds  and  ditches,  vicinity  of  Nashville. 
June. 

J.  setaceus  Rostkov.     Barrens  and  mountains  of  East  Tenn. 
June-July. 

J.  tenuis  Willd.     Roadsides  in  damp  soil.     June. 

Var.   secundus  Engelm.     Oakland  Station,  Roberston  Co. 
June.    V  (.    . 

J.  dichotoiims  Ell.    O.  S.    Frequent  around  Nashville.    June. 

/.  scirpoides  L.,  var.  macrostemon  Engelm.      Cleveland,  East 
Tenn.     July. 

J.  bufonius  L.     East  Tenn.     May. 

J.  marginatiis   Rostk.     Mountains   of  East   Tenn.  and   oak 
barrens.     June. 


TENNESSKK    FI,«)KA.  H9 

J.  acuniinatus  Miclix.,  and  v;ui.  ti.-  ( >.  S.     .Junc-Jiilv. 

/.  repcns  Miclix.     Swamps  O.  8.     June-July. 

r^pducarpms-i^rr^th^Yi^. — Tiillaliuiiu.— >fniT^ 

J.  leptocaulis  Torr.  t\j  (Jray.      Fic(|U(Mt  in   ilif  ceilar  gl:i'i. - 
with  Isotos  J^uttlcri  and    Lcavcnwortliias.      Mav-June. 

J.    bracliycarpus    Kn<;(lni.      Ponds  aloni:  ('nnil)irland   riv.r. 
June- July. 

J.  arfictfldfn.^  L.      Clevcdand,  I-:a>t  Tciin.      Jnly. 

./.  Canadensis  J.  Gay.     East  Tcnn.     Septcnilxr. 

cypp:racej:. 

Cyperus  flavesceus  L.      Ponds  and  ditches.      Jnly-Scptembor. 

C.  (liandriis  Torr.      With  the  fornicr.      Ani^nist-S-pteniher. 
Var.  easteiieus  Torr.      With  the  prte(•din^^     l^rpteuiljer. 

C.  aristatus    Rottb.  (C.  injiexus   Miihll).).     Glades  and  river 
Hanks.     July. 

C.  St'hiccinitzil  Torr.      East  Tenn.     July-Scptcinher. 

C.  Luzuhe  Rottb.,  var.  innljcl/ulatus   X.  L.  Hritton   t  ('.  v.n.luM 
Pursh.).     Damp  argillaceous  soils.     Jnly. 

C.  virensM'xchx.      West  Tenn.      Rare.     August. 

V.  acuniinatus    Torr.  t^-   Hooker.      (Vdar  i:ladt ».      Lav.-rLMie. 
Jnly. 

C.  rotundus  L.      Low  <rronnds  near   Na>hville:    Ilortieultural 
garden.      Not  frequent.      July. 

(\   esculentus    L.    ((7.    pJujuiatodts    Midd.).      Intrusive   weed. 
July-Septend)er. 

Var.  an^ustispicatus  X.  T^.  Hritton.     Swamps  aloni:  Cum- 
berland river.     Jnly-Septend)ei\ 

C.  stri^osus  \j.  (C.  M'lchau.vianiis  Sdinlt.).      Cnmmon  in  low, 
daujp  <rround. 

Var.  i'(d)Ustior   Knnth.      River  swamps. 

Var.  capitatus  Poekl.      Sandy  riv.r  banks. 

Var.  r(Mnp(>situs  X.  L.  IJi  ilt(.n.      With  the  above. 

Var.  eiou^^atus   X.  L.  lirittcm   (('.  Mir/uniA'tanuM^  var.  c/on- 
f/atus  Torr.).      J>anks  and  islands  in  C'und»erland   river. 

Var.  py^nia'us   n.   var.     Ordy  .*J-4  iuelies  hi^ili,  resembling 
C.  Schweinifzii.      M<-Sj)ad(h'n^  bend,  near  Xashville. 


90  TENNESSEE   FLORA. 

(\  refractus  Engelman.     Nashville,  July-September.     Hol- 
low Rock,  West  Tenn.,  August-September. 

C.    erythrorhizos    Miihl.       River    swamps;    1-4   feet   high. 
August -September. 

(\  speeiosus  Vahl.  ((7.   Michauxianus  Torr.).     Sandy  banks 
and  river  swamps.     Nashville.     September. 

('.  oviilaris  Torr.,  var.  robiistus,  Baekl.      Moist   spots  in  the 
cedar  ii^lades. 

Var.  splijericus  Baekl.     With  the  above. 

C.  filicilliiiis  Vohl.     Dry  uplands.     June- July. 

C.  Laiieastrieusis  Port.     Dry,  rocky  and  waste  grounds,  vicin- 
ity of  Nashville.     July. 

Killiii^ia  puinila  Michx.     Miry  places.     June-September. 

Dulicliiuin  spathaceuni  Pers.     Deep  river  swamps.    June-Sep- 
tember. 

Heuiieai'plia  subsquarrosa  Nees.     Davidson  Co. 

Elaeocharis  obtasa  Schult.      Bogs  and  wet  ground.       May- 
July. 

E.  Engelmayini  Steudel.     Damp  places  in  the  barrens.     June- 
July. 

E.  palustris  R.  Br.     Common.     June-September. 

E.  tenuis  Schultes.     Barrens  and  highlands.     July. 

E.  acicularis  R.  Br.     Low,  wet  places.    July-October. 

E.  quadrangularis  R.  Br.     River  swamps.     July-September. 

E.  intermedia  Schult.     Frequent.     July-August. 

E.  eonipressa  Sullivant.      Springy  places   in   calcareous  soil. 
May-June. 

Bhynchospora  cornieulata  Gray.  Swamps.  August-September. 

B.  cymosa  Nutt.     With  the  above.     August-September. 

R.fusca  Roem.  &  Schult.     Mountain  bogs.     Cumberland  Mts. 
July. 

B.  glomerata  Yohl.      Bon    Air,    Tullahoma ;    Lookout   Mt. 
August. 

B,  alba  Yohl.      Mountain  bogs,  Cumberland  and  Alleghany 
Mts.     July. 

Scleria  triglomerata  Vohl.     Lookout  Mt.  ;  Tullahoma.    July. 


TENNESSEE    FI.OI5A.  ••! 

S.  paiicifloia  MiiliU).     Lavtrp^ne.     May-.Iiinc. 

Scirpus  vdlldiis  Ynh].     CMcvclaiid,  (apt.  Kalit's  place.     July. 

S.  dchilh  Piir>h.     Swamps   Wc-t  Tomi.      Aiij^iist-Scptembcr. 

S.  atrovireus  Miihll).     FninKiit.     .luly-Aujrust. 

S.  jiuviatUiH  Gray.     DiR-ktown,  East  Tenn. 

S.  polyphll/iis  Vohl.     Dickson  Station.      N'cry  coiinnon  in  the 
mountains.     June-July. 

S.  liueatus  Michx.     liurckr.soi. springs  in  tiic  glades.     June- 
July. 

S  ccespitosus  L.     l^oane  Mt.,  East  Tenn.     ('hickering. 

Eriophorum  Virgink-um  L.      Cuinhcrland  Mts.     July. 

E.  poly stachy urn  h.     Ducktown,  East  Tcnn.     July. 

FimbristyUs  capillaris  Gray.     Sandy  places  in  the  mountains. 
June-July. 

F.  autuinnalis  Koeni.  c^-  Sdmlt.      Hotrs  and  ditches.     >«pi«ni- 
ber. 

F.  laxa  Vohl.     Cedar  glades,  Lavorgne.     July-Augu.st. 

Dichromena   latifolia   Baldw.      Oak    barren.-,   Middle  Tenn.; 
Tullahoma.     Not  frequent.     August. 

Carex    polytrichoides    Miililb.      Dry    hills    ntar    Nashville. 
June. 

C.  Steudelii  Kunth.     Highlands. 
C.  tereduscnla  Goodw.      Mountains  of  East  Tenn. 
C.  vulpinoidea  Michx.      Dry  copses,  Charlotte  pike.     Na-sh- 
ville.     June. 

CcephalophoraMiihlb.     Nashville,  Kingston  Spring-.     May. 

C.    cephaloidea    l><»()t.       Around    Nashville,    Paradise    ridgc. 
June. 

G.  rosea  Schk.      East  'JVnn.     July. 

C.  Jliihleiibergii  Schk.     Nashville.     June-July. 
C.  retroflexa  Miihlb.     Nashville.     June. 

C.irvqyetina   Dew.      High    ni..untains   «.f    I']a.st   Tenn..   Frog 
Mt.,  Big  Thunderhead  ;  GOOO'.     July. 

C.  straniinea  Schk.     Nashville,  Charloiir  piki.     Ma\. 
G.  crinita  Lam.     Cumberland  Mts.,  Whiteside.     July. 


92  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

('.  Shortiaiia  Dew.  Tunntll  Hill,  Sumner  Co.,  East  Teiin, 
June. 

(\  Cravvei  Dew.  Dry  barrens  of  Middle  Tenn.,  Lavergne 
Station.     June-July. 

C.  ^raiiularis  Miihlb.  Moist  meadows,  highlands,  and  in 
East  Tenn.     June-July. 

('.  grisea  Wahlb.  Low  grounds  adjoining  Cumberland  river 
near  Nashville.     June. 

C.  flaceosperina  Dew.  Moist  thickets,  vicinity  of  Nashville;. 
on  the  ridre.      June. 

C.  Davisii  Swaegr.  Jones'  Bend,  near  Edgefield  Junction^ 
edge  of  a  swamp.     June. 

(■.  gracillima  Swaegr.     Jones'  Bend,  border  of  swamps.    June, 

C.  cestivalis  M.  A.  Curtis.  Roane  Mt.  Prof.  Chickering, 
Clingman-Dom.     6000'.     July. 

C.  virescens  Miihlb.  Cumberland  Mts.,  valley  of  East  Tenn. 
June. 

C.  triceps  Michx.  Dry  glades  of  Middle  Tenn.,  Lavergne, 
June. 

(7.  plantaginea  Lam.  Mountains  near  Ducktown,  East  Tenn, 
July. 

C.  laxiflora  Lam.  Low,  wet  woodlands  and  copses  around 
Nashville;  highlands  of  Robertson  Co.     June. 

C.  dig'italis  Wiild.  /--Low  grounds  throughout  the  State.    July. 

C.  oligocarpa  Schk.  Swampy  places  on  the  ridge,  Sumner 
Co. ;  Jones'  bend.  East  Tenn.     June. 

^  C.  Eiiiinonsii  Dew.     Dry  hills    near  Nashville,   in  siliceous 
soil.     June-July. 

C.  iii^ro-marginata  Sohwarz.  Dry  copses,  vicinity  of  Nash- 
ville.    May-June. 

G.  iniliacea  Muhlb.  Ducktown,  East  Tenn. ;  perhaps  through- 
out.    June. 

C.juncea  Willd.     Roane  Mt.     Prof.  Chickering.     August. 

€.  debilis  Michx.  Border  of  swamps  near  Mitchellville, 
Sumner  Co.      June-July. 

C.  tentaculata  Muhlb.  Throughout  the  State.  South  Tun- 
nel, Edgefield;  Shelby  pond.      June. 


TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

('.  intumescens  liudjre.  S\v:nnj.>  alon^r  ('uml)crlaiMl  riv.r; 
Shelby  pond.     June 

C.  Gr((}/I  i\uvy.    Swamps  (>r  \\r>t  TcMin.    (Unmbnln.     .I,,Iv. 

C.  llipnlina  Miihlb.  Swamps  ahmu:  Cnmlu-rland  and  ..n  l,i,/l,. 
lands;  Shelby  pond.      Mav-dnnc. 

C.  sf(Ml()lepis  Ton*.  liiv.  r  sw:imp-  llirun^diont  ih«-  Siah-. 
June-Jnly. 

C.  sqiiarrosil  L.      With  the  foniHr.     dnnc-didv. 

C.  bullata  S('ld<.      Ilivcr  swamps:   doncs' b«-nd.      dnnc-.Iulv. 

GRAMINE.K 

Paspaluni  lluitans  Knnth.     Sh)w   stnam-.       didy-S<'pteiiilxT. 

P.  disti(dium  Linn.  Low  iiiound- ;  mar<jin  <d'  jM.nd.-.  Sep- 
tember. 

P.  Setaceuill  Michx.  (I\  debih'  Michx.i  1  )amp.  -andv  -.il  in 
the  upland  baricns.     September. 

P.  ciliafirolilim  Miihlb.     Very  eommon.     dnly-Stpu  inbtr. 

P.  Waltei'iaiUlin  Schnlt.      Low,  wet  irrnnnds.     September. 

P.  Icl've  Michx.  Damp  i::roiind.  Very  variable.  Anijuftt- 
September. 

Yar.  uikIuIosiiiii.  Oak  barrens.  l)ry  situation,  i /'.  >nnifi- 
losum  Le  Conte.) 

Yar.  aii^listifoliuin.  In  wet  lands.  ( /*.  (nKjuMijolium  Xa- 
Conte.) 

Yar.  jiilc^iDii  Yasey.  Sheets  covered  with  long,  soft  hairj*. 
Barrens. 

Var,  rddicaDs  Yasey.  Decumbent,  branching  at  tlie  lower 
nodes;  culms  erect,  2J-3  feet  hiirh  ;  leaves  ]»nrjdish.  Swamjw 
at  Hollow  Ivock.     September. 

P.  (lilatatlllli  Poir.     Open  «:round-and  grass  \Aois.     Aiigiij*l- 

Oetober. 

Pailicuill  agl'ostoides  SprenL^      Imnnlated  on  wet  land.     \'nri- 

able.      Au<^ust-Xoveml)ei-. 

P.  ancej>s  L.      Damp  soils.       Cedar   ^dadcs,  etc.       l^vergne. 

Autrust— ( )etol)er. 

p.    cainilai'c    L.       KxceedinLdy   abundant.       Preferring  dry 

uplands  and  barrens.      I  distinguish  tbnr  distinct  varieties. 


94  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

Var.  campestre.  Root  leaves  forming  flat  tufts;  appressed 
to  the  soil,  forming  tufts.      This  is  the  most  common  form. 

Var.  a^reste.  Stout  and  very  hairy;  panicle  very  large 
and  widely  divaricated  ;  forming  no  tufts.  Common.  In  loose 
ground,  fields  and  gardens. 

'"^  Var.  flexile  Gattinger.  Thin,  elastic  and  upright,  with 
smaller  panicle  and  acute  flowers.  Closely  resembles  P.  autum- 
nale  Bosc.     Characteristic  of  the  cedar  glades.     July-September. 

Var.  iiiinimiini  Engelman.  Dwarf,  resembling  P.  depau- 
peratum.  Poor,  loamy  and  siliceous  soil  of  the  highlands.  July- 
August. 

P.  claiidestiniim  L.  Along  the  banks  of  Cumberland  river, 
in  the  canebrakes;  also  in  East  Tenn.,  in  rich  bottom  lands. 
July-September. 

Var.  peduncnlatnm  Torr. ,    With  the  former. 

P.  colouum  L.  Ponds  and  ditches  around  Nashville,  Lavergne, 
etc.     September-October. 

P.  commutatum  Schultz.  (P.  nervosum  Miihlb.)  Woods,  rich 
and  loose  soil,  over  the  State.     May-August. 

P.  cms-galli  L.     Ponds  and  ditches  everywhere.     July-Sep- 
tember. 

Var.  liispidum  Miihlb. 

Var.  miiticum  Vasey.     With  the  former. 

P.  depauperatuin  Miihlb.  Dry  copses  and  woodlands.  High- 
lands.    May-June. 

P.  dichotomuiii  L.     Over  the  State,  in  many  varieties. 
Var.  iiitidimi  Lam.     In  the  cedar  glades. 
Var.  pubescens.     Woods,  etc. 

Var.  bai'bulatuiii  Gray.     Highlands,  in  siliceous  soil. 
Var.  sphjei'oearpon  Gray.     Earliest  in  the  glades.     April- 
May. 

P.  flliforme  L.  Argillaceous  and  siliceous  soils.  August- 
September. 

*Panicum  capillare  L.,  var.  fl^-xile  Gattinger,  is  either  one  of  the 
forms  of  P.  capillare,  or  an  annual  variety  of  P  autumnale  Bascoe,  which 
it  resembles  greatly,  e.-pecially  in  smoothness  and  form  of  spikelets.  It  is 
very  smooth  above,  with  some  hairs  on  ihe  lower  part  of  culm  and  leaves; 
culm  very  slender,  panicle  rather  small,  and  branches  not  spreading  until 
the  mature  spikelets  are  ready  to  drop  oti";  leaves  linear,  gradually  atten- 
uate, of  a  pale  green  color.  It  abounds  in  the  cedar  glades,  and  is  rarely 
seen  outside  of  them. 


TF.NNESSKK    KI.olCA.  95 

P.  ^labrmn  ( Jandin..  var.  .l//.v.v/.s.s/y;y;/V;jxr  (iattin;jrr.  ( 'oiifniCil 
to  stronti^  ar^iila(,M'()u>  soils,  and  imiiicdiati'ly  «li>ap|M'arinj(  where 
calcareous  soils  corniucncc.  X'iciniiv  of"  \:i»li\ill.-  .  ir.  S.p- 
tembcr-Octobcr. 

P.  latiroliiim  L.  rirKkri>,  vA^^r  ot  woo.liauii-.  a«|.|Mariiij5 
early.      .May-.liinc 

P.  laxidoruill  I.am.  l)aiii|),  ridi  woodland- :  liiirhliind**. 
July-August. 

P.  mici'OCai'pon  Midilb.  (I\  mu/fijformn  Kli.).  iu.  11  .iiiil 
moist  localities.  Not  fVcf|uent.  Ococ  vallry,  Kast  'IVim.  ;  Oa^^v 
Hope,  Cheatham  Co.  July-Aii<:ust.  Not  to  be  ini>iak<'n  for 
P.  dichotouiaeruui,  vai-.  inicroearpttu,  whieli  apprar«<  rarlv  in 
April-May. 

P.  prolifei'uni  Lam.  Wet  lauds.  Wvv  common.  Au^u>t- 
October. 

Var.  ^eiiiculafmn  Kll.     With  the  ('(u-mcr. 

P.  sailiJJIlinalc  I>.  Corulidds  au<l  r(»ad>ides  ev«ry  w  luTf. 
September. 

P.  scopai'iuDi  Muhlb.  {P.  paucijionun  Kll.).  CVtlar  barreim 
near  Lavergue.      August-September. 

P.  vei'liicosuill  Miihlb.  Swampy  lauds  alouL^  rmnb*  rlaml 
river,  Jones'  Beud,  Mitehellville.      September. 

P.  vil'^'atinil  \j.  Moist,  saudy  soil  along  Cuud)«rlautl  rivtr; 
highlands  and  barrens  at  Tullahoma.     duly-August. 

Setaria  ^iaufa   i^eauv.     Common.      I'ield.-^  ami  wa,Htc  place.**. 

August-Septtinber. 

Var.  laevigata   Chapm.     (ila<lrs  (d"   Mi<ldlr   'r«'uii.      More 
(!()mmon  than  the  ibrinei-. 

S.  viridis  iVaus.  Field-  and  road^d.'^.  Kp.pienl.  duly- 
Sej)teud)er. 

S.  vei'tifillata  l^cans.     Cultivated  lauds.      Not  frequent. 

S.  Kalica  Kuuth.  Freipicntly  .'idtivalrd  ami  .'scaprd.  .\u- 
gust-Scptend)er. 

Penicillaria  spicata   k'uuth.     ('ultivaf-d   :r 
cap('(l.      July-.\ngust. 

(JnicMrKs   frihiiloiJi-s    L.      Sai^b  I       ;--ipjM 

J  idy- August. 

Spdrfina  rj/nosKroidts  Willd.  I'.rovx  n-\  ill--.  N\<-i  I  •  du. 
Se]-)t<Mul)('r-(  )ctober. 


96  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

Tripsacum  dactyloides  J..  West  Tenn.,  near  Hickman  ;  also, 
Nashville,  in  old  graveyard.     Large  patches.     July-August. 

Leersia  oryzoides  Swartz.  Swamps  and  banks  of  creeks. 
Very  common.     August-September. 

L.  Vir^iilica  Willd.  •  Damp,  low  ground,  in  the  shade,  every- 
where.    A  ugust-September. 

Erianthiis  alopecuroides  Ell.  In  places  over  the  State  ;  Oak- 
land Station,  Tullahoma,  in  siliceous  soil.     August-September. 

E.  brevibarbis  Michx.  Wild-goose  pond  near  Mitchellville, 
Sumner  Co.;  only  locality  known  to  me  in  Middle  Tenn.  In 
company  with  Arundinaria  tecta.     September. 

E.  strictus  Baldwin.  Old  fields  near  Tullahoma,  Cleveland, 
East  Tenn.     August-September. 

Danthonia  compressa  Aust.  Higher  mountains  of  East  Tenn. 
July. 

D.  spicata  Beauv.    Harpeth  hills  in  poor  siliceous  soil.   June. 

D.  sericea  Nutt.  In  a  cedar  glade  beyond  Edgefield  Junc- 
tion, Davidson  Co.     June-July. 

Cynodon  Dactylon  Pers.  Sandy  banks  of  the  Mississippi 
river;  around  dwellings  over  the  State.  ♦  July. 

Chloris  verticillata  Nutt.  Garden  of  Mr.  Rath,  in  Cleveland, 
East  Tenn.     Introduced.     July. 

Gymnopogon  racemosus  Beauv.  Barrens  east  of  Tullahoma. 
July. 

Bouteloua  raceniosa  Lug.  (B.  cuHipendida  Gray).  Cedar 
glades.     June-July. 

Eleusine  Iiidica  Gaert.  Very  common  in  fields  and  gardens 
as  a  common  weed.     July-August. 

Leptochloa  mucronata  Kunth.  Common  in  the  cornfields  and 
cultivated  grounds  of  Middle  Tenn.     July-September. 

Triodia  seslerioides  Benth.  Over  the  State  in  all  soils.  Sep- 
tember-October. 

Eatonia  Peiinsylvanica  Grav.  Copses  around  Nashville,  etc. 
May. 

E.  Dudley!  Vasey.     Highlands.     April-May. 

E.  obtusata  Gray,  var.  laxiflora  Gattinger.  Highlands.  Very 
rare.     Mav. 


TENNE88EK    FI.«.R\.  97 

Ei'a^i'ostis  repfaiis  Xcos.  Wet,  saiuly  M.il  .,ii  livtr  l.auk-. 
Septcnib('r-(  )(.'t()lM'r. 

E.  poa'oides  licaiiv.  Cultivated  ;;r(. mid.  Cnrninoii.  Aiij^u>t- 
Septeniber.  (Eragrosti.s  limwnei  Nees  is  iii(li.stinj;iiislial>K»  iVom 
pofeoides,  and  occurs  in  the  cedar  <;l:idcs.      \'rrv  comiimn.) 

Var.  iiie^astacliya.     Cultivated  ^rmnnd.      With  the  rormer. 

E.  Frankii  Meyer.  Exceediuti^ly  cnpinus  in  dr\-  Iaiid-<  and 
glades  of  Middle  Tenn.     July-August. 

E.  pedinacea,  var.  rcfracta  Chaj)iu.  Cohiuhmi  in  th«-  <M'dar 
glades.     July-August. 

E.  Purshii  Schrad.  Streets  of  Xa>hville.  In  dry  and  wet 
soil.      Ex(!eedingly  frecjuent.      August-Septeinlxr. 

E.  tenuis  Gray.    Harpeth  Hills  and  l)i^d»land>.    .Iidy-Augiist. 

E.  oxi/lepi.s  Torr.     A^icinity  of  Mcniphi-.      l)r.  G.  Egeliiig. 

Andi'opo^oii  clandestinus  Ilalc  {AiKlrujt.  I'!l/ii>ffli  Chap.). 
Barrens  at  Tullalionia.     October. 

A.  dissitifloi'llS  Michx.  (.1.  Mrf/iiilru.s  I..).  Common.  S-p- 
tember-October. 

Var.  va^iuatus  Chaj).      With  the  former. 

A.   iiiacroiirus    Michx.     Sandy  old    fields.     Over    the    State. 

September-October. 

A.  proviucialis  Lam.  Edge  ol'  road-  and  fence  ro\v>.  Com- 
mon.    August-October. 

A.  SCOparills  Alichx.      Old  fields.      Se[)lend>er-Oetober. 

Var.  luulliramea  Hack.     Jianks  of  Cnmberlan<l.     Septem- 
ber-October. 

Sorghum  Halepeuse  L.  Xaturali/.ed  in  vicinity  ol  Na.-hvillt. 
August-September. 

Clirysopogoii  aveuaceus  l>enth.  Op.n  barren-.  Over  the 
State.     July-Septendjcr. 

Phalaris  (anariensis  Ji.    Near  dwelling-.      In"   .In..]       \: 
gust-September. 

Ph.  aruudiuacea  L.  The  garden  variety,  Ph.  arundiuacva 
picta,  sometimes  f  )und  escaped. 

Authoxanthiini  odoiatmii   E.      In   meadow.s,  in   Rn>t  Teiin. 
Naturalized.     July. 
7 


98  TENNESSEE   FLORA. 

xllopeciinis  prateusis  L.  Rare.  Sometimes  introduced.  Flow- 
ers early.     May. 

A.  geniculatus,  var.  aristulatiis  Michx.  Ponds  and  ditches. 
May. 

Aristida  dichotoma  L.  Common  in  poor  soils.  September- 
October. 

A.  gracilis  Elliott.  With  the  former,  in  argillaceous  soils. 
September-October. 

A.  ramosissima  Engelm.    Humboldt,  West  Tenn.    September. 

A.  purpurascens  Poir.  Paradise  Ridge,  Robertson  Co. 
August-September. 

Stipa  avenacea  L.  Valley  of  East  Tenn.;  Lookout  Mt. 
June. 

Miihleuberg'ia  capillaris  Kunth.  Cedar  glades,  Lavergne. 
September-October. 

M.  diffusa  Schreber.  Grass  plots,  pastures,  everywhere.  Sep- 
tember-October. 

M.  Mexicana  Trin.  Thickets  along  river  banks,  etc.  Common 
throughout.     September. 

Miililenbergia  sobolifera  Trin.  Rocky  woodlands.  Harpeth 
hills,  etc.     September-October. 

M.  sylvatica  Torr.  &  Gray.  Damp  woodlands  ;  river  bottoms. 
September-October. 

M.Willdenovii  Trin.  With  the  former,  and  ascending  6000' 
in  the  Frog  and  Smoky  Mts.     July-September. 

Brachyelytruiii  aristatum  Beau  v.  Dry  woodlands,  in  places. 
August-September. 

Plileum  pratense  L.  Naturalized  and  frequently  cultivated. 
July. 

Sporobolus  Indicus  R.  Brown.  Sandy  soil  in  the  Cumberland 
Mts.  and  in  the  oak  barrens.     July-September. 

S.  vagiiifeflorus  Torr.     Dry  pastures,  Middle  Tenn. 
Var.  exsertus.     Cedar  glades.     September-October. 

Agrostis  aracliiioides  Ell.  Argillaceous  soil,  in  the  glades 
and  highlands.     Kingston  Springs  ;  Lavergne.     May-June. 

A.  canina,  var.  rupestris  Chapm.  High  mountains  of  East 
Tenn. ;  Roane  Mt.     Prof.  Chickering.     July. 


ikn.\i>si;k   ki.oi:a.  99 

A.  pereiniails  luck.     <  )|hii  woodlands.    Ov.rtlH'Stntr.    .f.ilv 
October. 

A.  scabra  W'illd.     Sandy  soils,  Imto  nmi  ihcn-.     Jinu-Julv. 
A.  vul^^ai'is  Willi.      Largely  cnltivatcd  and  indij^cnoim.  July. 
Var.  alba  Iv.       I  )iy  woodlands.       ( )vt'r  the  State*.      Julv- 

September. 

Ciniia  ai'Undinacca  I..  Low  unrounds  and  bolloni.-.  N'ariablf. 
A  slender  form  approaching  ( '.  j)endula  occurs  on  raradiso  liidgo. 
A  ugust-September. 

Deyeu.via  Nuttalliana  Vascy.  Hill- and  iii..mii:iiiis  ,a  T'...! 
Tenn.     July-S(.'j)teinl)er. 

Deschamjjsidjic.ni 0.^(1  J5eanv.  ^Monntainsol*  I'^nt 'iVnn.  .Julv- 
September. 

Holcus  kniatiis  L.  Extensively  natnrali/.cd  and  sproa<line  in 
East  Tenn.     June-July. 

Trisetum  paluHtre  L.  ^lountains  of  East  Trmi.  <  >\ .  riiaii;.;in;^' 
wet  rocks  on  Ocoe  river.     July. 

Avena  sativa  L.  Extensively  cultivated,  sometimes  esca|KHl. 
June. 

Arrheuatliei'uni  aveuaceuiii  Beau  v.  Clifton  ])iko,  beyond 
Jubilee  Hall,  Xashville.     June. 

Melica  lUlltica  Walt.  Over  the  State,  >hady  hill-sides  and 
ravines.     Aj)ril-May. 

Diarrhena  iVnierioaua  Beauv.     Rich  soil  amongst  rocks,  hort» 

and  there.     SeptenilK'r-(  )('tol)er. 

Ulliola  latifolia  Michx.  Cliils  on  C'und)crland  rivir  and  Mill 
creek.     Generally  over  the  State  in  like  localities.     June-July. 

U.  gracilis  Michx.  Damp  soil  in  the  oak  barren-.  .IuIn - 
August. 

Daetylis  glomerata  L.  (Jencrally  cultivat.d  and  dis|KTS4d 
Irom  cultivation.  Don't  seem  to  be  incliiud  to  become  thoroughly 
naturalized  like  llolcus  lanatus. 

Poa  ailiuia  L.  Oommon  in  all  waste  grounds  an<l  roadsidr-. 
Ai)ril-May. 

P.  eoilipressa  L.  J>ry  meadow  land-.  \  iirali/cd  ai.d 
spreading.     J  une-July. 

P.  flexuosa  Muhlb.  Damp  ground,  edge  of  ponds,  c.«|MMMally 
in  the  hi<j:hlands.     Junc-Julv. 


100  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

P.  prateusis  L.  Over  the  State.  Cultivated  and  indigenous. 
May-June. 

P.  sylvestris  Gray.  Abundant  in  all  woodlands  and  copses. 
May. 

P.  trivialis  L.  Very  easily  mistaken  for  pratensis,  and  there- 
fore frequently  overlooked.  CockrilPs  farm,  near  Nashville. 
May-June. 

Olyeeria  aeutifiora  Torr.  In  a  pond,  near  the  water-works  at 
Nashville.     June. 

G.  aquatica  Sm.  var.  Amerleana  yvisey,  {Glyceria  arundinacea 
Kunth.).  In  a  small  branchlet  near  Cumberland  river,  Bell's 
bend.     September. 

G.  iiervata  Trin.  Common  over  the  State  in  wet  meadows. 
July. 

G.  pallida  Trin.  In  a  mountain  bog  near  Ducktown,  East 
Tenn. 

Festuca  Myurus  L.     Near  Lunatic  Asylum,  Nashville. 

F.  teuella  Willd.  Poor  argillaceous  soils;  hill-tops  south  of 
Nashville.     April. 

Yar.  aristlllata  Torr.     With  the  former. 

F.  elatior  L.  In  meadow  lands.  Introduced  and  naturalized. 
June. 

F.  Slioi'tii  Yasey.  Barrens  at  Tullahoma.  First  collected  in 
18(37,  but  not  recognized,  and  mistaken  for  F.  elatior,  resembling 
it  in  general  habits.     July. 

F. -O^vina  L.  In  the  barrens  and  on  cliffs  on  the  Cumberland 
river.     June. 

Broimis  ciliatiis  L.     Woodlands  over  the  State.     May- June. 
Yar  pur^-ans  Gray.     With  the  former. 

B.  mollis  L.     Cultivated  grounds.     Not  frequent.     May. 

B.  secalinus  L.     Abundant  in  grain  fields.     June. 

B.  racemosus  L.  Fields  and  pastures.  Not  so  abundant. 
June. 

B.  stei'ilis  L.     Introduced  on  the  grounds  of  Mr.  Washiug- 

ington,  (iranny  White  Pike,  Nashville.     June. 

Loliuiii  pereiiiie  L.  Introduced  and  perhaps  spreading.  Cap- 
itol grounds.     May-June. 


TKXNKSSKi:    FLORA.  101 

L.  fcmnlcnfiun  L.      From  ih,.  fann  nj  Mr.  L.ii.,ir,  near  Knox- 
ville.     July. 

A^ropyriim  ('auiniim   \i.  \  s.      In   .  nltiv.it.  .1  -,..,,,,.]      \,,j 
frequent.     June. 

A.  reptMis  Boauv.  rultlvatc.l  -n.iiiul^.  Lik,-  ilic  iuriiuT,  in.t 
very  frequent.     June. 

Hoi'deum  prateiise  Hnd^.     Tliin  l.-m.U.     CliarL.ti.'  pik**.  near 

toll-gate.      C'uuiinon.      Mav-Jimc. 

Elyiiius  CanadtMisis  L.     ('ouhuoii  over  tlio  8tat<'.     Jiii\. 

Yar.  ^'laiicilolius  (Jray.     ('cdar  Lrladt's. 
E.  Striatlis  Willd.     Over  the  State.     July. 

Yar.  villosiis.      Dry  rocky  ])Iac('s,  with  the  former. 

E.  Vii'^inicus  L.     Al)un(laut  In    Middle  Triin..  loving  slrfnig 

limestone  soil.     June-Julv. 

Asprella  Hystrix  Willd.      Rocky  <;1imis  over  tin*  State.     June. 

Arimdiiiai'ia  maci'ospiM'iiia  Michx.     AIoui;  the   large  stn'ain.s 

of  the  State.     April. 

A.  tecta  Miihlb.  Lookout  Mt.  Wild  goose  p-uul  near  Mit«-h- 
ellville,  Sumner  Co.  Readily  overlooked  wiiere  it  grows  inliT- 
mixed  with  other  vegetation.     It  grows  in  the  water. 


gymx()Sim:rm.k. 

conifeim:. 

Juniperus  Virginiaiia  L.      Red  (Vdar.      Scattered  over  the 

State,  and  forming  extensive  cedar  forest-  in  Middle  Tenn.      Fl. 

April. 

Plnii.'^  rif/ida  Miller.  Pitch  Fiu(\  Cuinherhuul  Mts. and  moun- 
tains of  East  Tenn.  On  the  spurs  of  Rig  Thumlerhead,  in  Carter, 
it  accompanies  the  following: 

P.  jninf/ens  Michx.  Tahle-M-uintain  Riu--.  I'le  Thiin«l«*r- 
head.     Abundant. 

P.  inops  Ait.      Jersey  or  Scrul)  Riie'.       <)\.|    ui.     -  -|.. - 

cially  on  sterile  rocky  mountain  lands.     April-Mav. 

P.  ??i?Y/s  Michx.  Yellow  Fine.  Cumberland  Mt,s.  and  Kasi 
Tenn.     April-May. 


102  TENNESSEE    FLORA. 

P.  Strobns  L.  White  Pine.  Cumberland  Mts.,  and  especially 
the  shady  and  moist  gorges  of  the  high  mountains  of  East  Tenn. 
May. 

P.  Tcecla  L.  Loblolly  or  Old-Field  Pine.  Low  ground ;  in 
sandy  soil.     Frequent  southeast  of  Cleveland,  East  Tenn. 

Abies  Fraseri  Pursh.  Summit  of  Roane  Mt.  J.  W.  Chick- 
ering. 

Tsaga  Canadensis  Cavrilire.  {Abies  Canadensis  Michx.)  Along 
water-courses  in  the  mountainous  parts  of  East  Tenn. 

Taxodiuiu  (listiclmm  Rich.  Along  the  western  course  of  the 
Tennessee  river  ;  on  Mississippi  and  its  affluents  ;  in  West  Tenn.; 
cypress  swamps. 

EQUISETACE^. 

Equisetum  arvense  L.  Moist  meadows,  East  Tenn. ;  Cave 
Spring, -Roane  Co. 

E.  robustmn  Brown.     Sandy  banks  of  Mississippi,  West  Tenn. 

FILICES. 

Polypodium  vu/gare  L.     Cumberland  and  Alleghany  Mts. 

P.  iueanum  Swartz.  Throughout  the  State,  on  rocks  and 
bark  of  trees. 

Cheilantlies  vestita  Swartz.  Bluffs  of  Cumberland  river  and 
Mill  creek;  also  in  the  cedar  glades  on  the  ground  and  in  the 
mountains  of  East  Tenn. 

C.  Alabamensis  Kunze.  Bluffs  on  Cumberland  and  Mill  creek, 
near  Nashville;  Knoxville,  East  Tenn. 

C.  fomentosa  Link.  Bluffs  on  Ocoe  river  at  Parksville,  East 
Tenn. 

Pellsea  atropiirpurea  Link.     Dry  rocks  over  the  State. 

Ptei'is  aqiiiliua  L.     Siliceous  soil,  dry  hills  throughout. 

Adiantiini  pedatiim  L.     Rich,  moist  ground  throughout. 

Woodwardia  aiigustifolia  Smith.     Swamps  over  the  State. 

Scolojx'ndriuin  vulgare  Smith.  Near  New  Pittsburgh,  Cum- 
berland Mts.     Not  found  by  myself. 

Camptosimis  rhizophyllus  Link.     Common. 

Aspleiiium  parviiliim  Mart.  &  Jordan.  Shadv  cliffs  over  the 
State. 


TKNNKSSKK    FLORA.  103 

A.  BrmUi't/i  !).('.  I\at(>ii.  Summit  of  I^.okmit  Mt.,  K:ist 
Tenn. 

■A.  j}inna(iji(li(ui  Niiu.      CmiibfrlaiKl   plateau,  Luukdiit  .Ml. 
A.  TrirhoiiidiKs  L,      Siliceous   rn<-)<v,   mi  (),■..,■    r!v<  r    "(-1  "\-r 
the  liiirli  mountains  of  East  Tenn. 

A.  ebeiieinn  Ait.      Very  oommon. 

A.  inontanum  WilUl.     ( 'umberlaiul  and  Alle^liany  Mts. 

A.  Ruta-Iliurai'ia  J^.       Mountains  near  ("owan,  on  saiul.itoiic  ; 

on  limestone  rocks  near  Nashville,      i^'requent. 

A.  ail^listifolium  Michx.     Rieh,ilanij)  woodland-.     Kre<|iient. 

A.  thelyptei'oides  Michx.     With  the  former.     Hij^hjaiul'*. 

A.  Filix-fiFUiiua  Bernh.     Common  throughout. 

Var  angustum  (Aspldium  angu.stum  Willd.).      With   fr<»n(lH 
linear-lanceolate.     In  swamps,  We.st  Tenn. 

Phe^opteiis  Iiexagonoptera  Fee.     Highlands  of  Middl.  T.  im. 

P.  polypodioides  Fee.     Mountains  of  East  Tenn. 

Aspidiiiiii  acrostichoides  Swarz.     Througiiout. 

A.  Nova'boracense  Swarz.       Moist   woods   in    the    barrens    of 

Middle  Tenn. 

A.  spinidosum  Swarz.,  var.  intermedium.  Wolf  creek,  Cocke 
Co.     Summit  of  Clingman-Dom. 

Var.  dUatatum  Gray.     Mountains  of  East  Tenn. 

A.  Goldianum  Hook.     Oak  barrens,  Tullahoma. 

.4.  FUix-mas.  Swarz.     Reported,  not  yet  found  by  my -tit. 

A.  Iliar^'inale  Swarz.  ('ommon  in  the  ('und)erland  and  Allc- 
;Lrhanies. 

Ouodea  sensibilis  \j.      Edge  (d*  river  >wam|)s.      Comrn..!, 
Var.  obtimlobata  Torr.      Williamson  Co. 

Cystopteris  fra^ilis  lieridi.  l-'rom  the  mountain-  to  iIm  .Mi- 
sissi))pi. 

('.  biilbifei'a  Bernh.  Clills  on  Kichlaud  ereek,  near  Nasliville. 
Cumberland  Mts. 

Woodsia  obtlisa  Torr.     Throughout. 

Dicksonid  jtuncfiio/nda  Kun/.e.    High  mountains  of  East  Tenn. 

7Vichoniancs  iuuUc'fis  Swar/..  Underneath  wet.  shelving 
rocks.     Sewanee. 


104  TENNESSEE    FLOKA. 

Lygodium  palmatnm  Swarz.  Cumberland  Mts.  Very  local. 
Rockland  fetation. 

Osnmuda  regalis  L.  Swamps,  highlands,  barrens  and  moun- 
tains. 

0.  Claytoniana  L.     Cumberland  and  Alleghany  Mts. 

0.  ciiinamomea  L.     Swamps,  throughout  the  State. 

OPHIOGLOSSIACE^. 
Botrychiniii  ternatum  Swarz.     Over  the  State. 
B.  Vir^inieiim  Swarz.     Over  the  State. 
Ophio^lossiim  vulgatum  L.     Cedar  glades,  at  Lavergne. 

,  LYCOPODIACE^. 

Lycopodium  Selago  L.     Roane  Mt.     Prof.  Chickering. 

L.  dendroideum  Michx.  Wolf  creek,  Cocke  Co.;  near  Cran- 
berry mines,  Johnson  Co. 

L.  complanatum  L.     Cumberland  Mts.,  Sewanee. 

Selaginella  rupestris  Sprengel.  Dry  rocks,  along  Ocoe  river, 
East  Tenn. 

S.  apiis  Sprengel.     Common,  throughout. 

''^Iscetes  Butleri,  var.  immacidata  Engelm.  Cedar  glades  near 
Lavergne.     In  moist  places. 

HYDROPTERIDES. 

Azolla  Caroliniana  Willd.  Swamps  near  Johnson ville,  West 
Tenn. 

^  Isotes  Butleri  Engehn.,  var.  immaculata  Engelm.  Dioiceous,  with  a 
subglobose  trunk,  bright  green,  rather  firm  leaf,  sometimes  as  many  as 
sixty,  six  to  nine  inches  long;  sporangium  without  spots;  macrospores 
0'4(»-0-5G  mm.  in  diameter  ;  microspores  0029-0031  mm.  long,  spinulose. 
On  Hmestone  flats ;  in  damp  places  in  the  cedar  barrens.  One  mile  south- 
east from  the  railroad  station.    June. 


TENNESSEE    FLORA, 


lor, 


SLMMAUV. 


Ranunculacea^.. 
Calyoantliaoefe.. 
Magiioliace.i?  .... 

Anonaceii' 

Menisj)ermc!i>... . 

Berberidea? 

Nympha'aceai.... 
Papaveraceio   ... 

Fiimariacea' 

Criirifera; 

Cap[)aridacea^.... 

Cistacere   

Violacea? 

Polygalacea^ 

Caryophyllacea^. 
Paronychieea^  ... 
Portiilaccacea' .. 
llypericaceai  .... 
Ternstr(omiacea' 

Malvaceae 

Tiliaceoe  

Linacea^ 

Geraniacea^ 

Rutacea? 

Simarubefe 

Meliacea' , 

Ilicinea^ 

Celastrinea' 

Rhamnacea* 

Vitacea^ 

Sapinclacea' 

Anacardiacea'.... 

Leguminosa' 

Rosaceje 

Saxifragaresr 

Crassuhu'ca' 

Hainanieliacca^ .. 

Haloragca^ 

Melastomacea'.... 

Lythracca^ 

Onagracea' 


16 
1 
2 
1 
3 
4 
5 
4 
3 

IG 
2 
') 

2 

1 
7 
2 
3 
3 
1 
7 
1 


1 

o 
2 
2 

3 
2 

5 

1 

35 

14 

12 

3 

2 

♦> 

\ 
6 
() 


40 
•) 

5 
1 
3 
4 
5 
5 
♦  » 

34 
o 

<; 

12 
8 

21 
3 
5 

22 
1 

10 
o 


2    I 
4 

8 


1 
') 

o 
3 
4 
9 
II 

85  ' 
53  i 
11)    I 


2    I 
3 


43 
2 
5 
1 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 


() 
1(3 

9 
21 

3 

5 
24 

1 
10 

2 

4 

8 
2 

I 
2 
6 
3 
4 
1» 
12 
(> 

20 
7 
o 


^ 

1 

1 

4i 
3 

tf 

s 

6 

10 

13 

16 

8 

... 

.7 

1 

1 

... 

... 

1 

2 
1 
3 
3 
S 
5 
2 
30 
1 


9 
5 
72 
47 
7 
3 


106 


TENNESSEE    FLORA. 


SUMMARY— Contiuued. 


Passiflorese 

Cucurbitaceae  — 

Cactacea? 

Ficoidea^ • 

Umbelliferte ■ 

Araliaceaj 

Cornace?e 

Caprifoliaceai.... 

Rubiacese 

Valerianeae 

Dipsacese 

Compositse 

Lobeliaceee 

Campanulacea^ .. 

Ericaceae 

Primulaceaj 

Sapotaceae 

Ebenaceae 

Styraceje 

Oleacese 

Apocynese 

Asclepiadcce 

Loganiacese 

Gentianeae 

Polemoniacere.... 
Hydrophyllacese 

Boraginese 

Convolvulaceae... 

Solaneae 

Scrophulariaceae 
Orobanchace^.... 
Lentibulariacese 

Bignoniacea? 

Pedaliaceai 

Acanthaceae , 

Verbenaceae 

Labiatae 

Plantagineto 

Amarantacea^ 

Chenopodiacea' .. 
Phytolaccaceae.. 

Polygonece 

Podostemaceai... 
Aristolochiacea. 

Nyctagineae , 

Saururea^ 


> 

o 

o 
O 

1 

"S 
•a 

> 

i 
11 

1 

2 

2 

4 

4 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

22 

29 

29 

1 

5 

5 

2 

8 

8 

6 

12 

12 

7 

20 

2 

22 

1 

2 

2 

4 

1 

1 

1 

64 

202 

17 

219 

1 

8 

... 

8 

2 

4 

4 

16 

32 

33 

5 

9 

10 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

... 

1 

3 

7 

8 

3 

4 

4 

5 

16 

17 

3 

3 

3 

5 

10 

10 

3 

8 

9 

4 

9 

10 

8 

15 

... 

15 

4 

17 

... 

17 

6 

13 

... 

13 

20 

36 

2 

38 

3 

3 

3 

1 

2 

... 

2 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

4 

5 

5 

4 

10 

... 

10 

26 

59 

5 

64 

1 

8 

... 

8 

3 

6 

1 

7 

1 

7 

1 

8 

1 

1 

1 

4 

23 

... 

23 

1 

1 

... 

1 

2 

6 

6 

1 

2 

9 

1 

1 

1 

17 


1 
12 
2 
5 
5 


2 
3 
1 
1 

24 
3 
6 
6 

16 
3 
1 
L73 
7 
2 
9 
1 
1 
1 

8 

4 

14 

1 


12 
14 
12 
30 
3 

3 

1 

4 

7 

54 


6 

1 

21 

3 
1 

1 


TENNESSflE    FLoKA. 


107 


SUMMARY— ContituKMl. 


Okdkrs. 


Lauracea* 

Thymeleaceic... 

Santalacea- 

Loranthaceu'  .... 
Euphorbiaceie... 

Urticacea' 

Platanacete 

Juglandacea' 

Cupulifera' 

Betulacetf 

Salicinea' 

Callitrichine;e... 
Ceratophyllacea' 

Aracea' 

Lemnacea' 

Typhacea' 

Naiadea? 

Alismacew 

Ilydrocharidea^. 

Orc'hidacea- 

Amaryllidacetfi. 
Hu'Diadoracea'.. 

Iridacea- 

Dioscoreie 

Smilaceai 

Liliaceii' 

Jiincacea' 

Pontederiacea'.. . 
Commelynacea^ . 

Xyridacea- 

Cyperacea^ 

Graminea' 

Conifera- 

Kquisetacea' 

Filices 

Ophisglossiacea'. 
Lycopodiacea-... 
Hydropterides... 


2 

1 
3 
1 
9 

13 
1 
2 
6 
2 
2 
1 
1 
4 
3 
3 
2 
2 
2 

11 
3 
1 
3 
1 
1 

29 
2 
3 
2 
1 

12 

53 
5 
1 

18 
2 
3 
1 


5 
T 

2 

1 
3 
1 

24 

18 
1 
9 

25 
6 

14 
2 

1 
6 
6 
5 
7 
4 
2 

28 
3 
1 
9 
1 
7 

45 

16 
4 
5 
2 

85 
134 

10 
2 

39 
3 
6 
1 


s 

§ 

• 

> 

ft. 

5 

i 

S 

1 

1 

0. 

> 

II 

r 

2 

1 

1 

is 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

... 

3 

1 

... 

1 

25 

1 

... 

... 

1 

19 

3 

... 

10 

1 

... 

... 

1 

9 

... 

... 

9 

... 

25 

3 

22 

... 

6 

1 

5 

... 

14 

5 

7 

7 

... 

2 
1 

... 

... 

... 

"... 

6 

... 

... 

... 

... 

6 

... 

... 

... 

5 

... 

... 

/ 

... 

1 

5 
2 

28 
3 
1 
9 
1 
7 

**i 

... 

... 

2 

47 

6 

... 

T 

17 
4 

1 

G 

... 

... 

6 

91 

... 

23 

157 

10 

2 

19 

... 

10 

3 

42 
3 
6 

1 

::; 

... 

I 

1 

21 
16 
1 
8 
21 
2 
9 
2 

4 

4 
4 
3 
4 

1 
15 
3 
1 
A 
1 

30 

10 

3 

6 

I 

M 

133 

2 

24 
3 
2 


N. 


Library 


108 


TENNESSEE    FLORA. 


DIVISIONS. 


> 

, 

o 

Groups. 

^ 

5 

3J 

i 

1 

"S 

p 

^ 

■A 

ip 

a^m 

^ 

§ 

O 

m 

> 

CO 

'■' 

"^ 

^ 

^ 

Polvpetal?e 

48 

224 

499 

27 

526 

57 

60 

57 

380- 

Gamopetalfe 

31 

^9" 

213 
'T37 

522 
1,021' 

34 
'"6l"1 

556 

53^ 

-rio'"' 

23 

16 

416 

Dichlamideaj 

73 

796 

Monochlamideae 

21 

58 

154 

4 

158, 

26 

15 

58    I 

123! 

Dicotvledones 

100 

495 

1,175 

"65 

ri7240~ 

T35^" 

-~98"" 

-\mr 

919! 

Monocotylea 

19 

138 

370 

34 

404 

26 

... 

... 

301-; 

Gvmnospermfe 

1 

0 

10 

... 

10 

162 

'    98^ 

10 

~iir" 

'A 

Phjenogamia 

120 

638 

1,555 

99 

1,654 

1,222 

Vascular  Cryptog... 

5 

25 

663 

51 
1,606 

3 

102 

54 
1,708 

162 

98 

141 

29 

Total 

125 

1,251 

The  total  of  species  and  varieties,  presently  known : 

For  the  State 1,708 

Nashville  Flora 1,251 

The  actual  number  of  species  and  varieties  for  the  State  comes  perhaps 
near  2,000. 


TKNNKSSKK     n.()i:A.  109 


CORRIGENDA 


The  remoteness  of  the  author  from  the  printer  has  been  u  ureal  incunvrai- 
€nce  in  revising  and  correcting  proof  sheets.  For  minor  iuadverte^cie^  we  a»k 
the  indulgence  of  the  reader,  and  correct  only  the  more  oflensive  or  miolea<iioK 
ones. 

Page    4,  line  22.     For  Sullivant's  read  Sillimans. 

Page    9,  line  20.     For  Triestum  read  Trisetum. 

Page    9,  line  27.     For  serppyliifolia  read  serpyilifolia. 

Page  16,  line  o3.     For  racmeosus  read  racemosus. 

Page  19,  and  follow.     For  Virgianiana  read  Virginiana. 

Page  21,  line  10.     For  Chilhouewe  read  Chilhowee. 

Page  36,  line  13.     For  stuvei  read  Stuvei. 

Page  37,  line  35.     For  marsh  read  marshy. 

Page  42,  line  15.     For  Rhadiola  read  Rhodiola. 

Page  47,  line  19.     For  Sempervirens  read  sempervirens. 

Page  47,  line  25.     For  Benkley  read  Buckley. 

Page  52,  line  19.     For  Sindl.  read  Lindl. 

Page  53,  line  22.     For  Plinhea  read  Pluchea. 

Page  53,  line  24.     For  Keyrishii  read  Beyriihii. 

Page  53,  after  E.  strigosus  transport  from  l)elow  \'ar.  Ileyrlchii  Torr.  A 
Oray. 

Page  58,  line    3.     For  obovutus  read  obovatus. 

Page  66,  line  15.     For  Tenn.  reatl  Tunnel 

Page  77,  line  18.     For  Podosteman  read  Podostemon. 

Page  79,  after  Cannabis  sativa  L.,dele.  Not  obscrvetl  indigenous. 

Page  84,  line    9.     For  ophiaglossoides  road  oj)hioglos!»iddi"»*. 

Page  91,  line    6.     For  polyphiliu.s  read  polyphyllus. 

Page  95,  line  12.     For  dichotomacrum  read  dicholomum. 


'^■j^     N.  MANCHESTTR, 
INDIANA 


